Table of Content

20 March 2008, Volume 44 Issue 2

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Biological Removal of a Bacterial Strain Pseudomonas sp. BC001 on Pyridine and Quinoline

BAI Yaohui,SUN Qinghua,WEN Donghui ,TANG Xiaoyan

2008, 44(2):  237-242. 

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An aerobic Gram-negative bacterium BC001 was isolated from the activated sludge in the coking wastewater treatment plant of Capital Iron and Steel Corporation and identified as Pseudomonas sp. according to 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis and physiological characters. The strain grew well in the high concentrated substrates of pyridine (about 400mg/L) and quinoline (about 500mg/L). For pyridine, the biological removal was only by biosorption, while for quinoline, it included two phases of biosorption and biodegradation. The strain could utilize quinoline as its sole carbon source and nitrogen source, and the biodegradation would be promoted by external carbon source with proper dosage. Main intermediate products in the metabolic pathway of quinoline were detected as 2(1H)-quinolinone and 8-hydroxycoumarin, and NH₄⁺ was confirmed to be the final nitrogen metabolic product.

Design for Urban Traffic Integrated Control System Based on Multi-Agent

ZHANG Feizhou,CAO Xuejun,SUN Min

2008, 44(2):  289-292. 

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Aiming at solving the key technical problems of urban traffic, the intelligent means and approach which combine artificial intelligent and tradition control are adopted. On the basis of introduction of Chinese urban traffic control system structure and function requirement, a kind of frame structure of urban traffic intelligent control system based on multi-agents cooperation is stated. According to the frame structure, a kind of real-time and effective system design idea oriented to urban traffic is established; the system design of urban cross control and area control based on multi-agents is implemented. In this way, the goal for urban traffic intelligent control is insured so as to increase the capacity of urban road network and improve our urban traffic control and management modes. Therefore urban surroundings quality will be enhanced, and the comfortable and delightful traffic surroundings will be built.

Estimation of Solid-Phase Microextraction Fiber Coated with Activated Charcoal

WANG Yonghua

2008, 44(2):  257-261. 

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A new solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with activated charcoal was estimated by determination of benzene, toluene and xylene（BTX）in indoor air. There is linear relationship between the amount of BTX extracted by the SPME and gas volume at ≤100mL of gas volume. The correlation coefficient (R2) of these linear equations is better than 0.99.The linear equations between amounts of BTX extracted and concentration of BTX in gas are Y=115.89x＋1.919 with correlation coefficient(R2) of 0.999 for benzene，Y=112.29x－7.176 with 0.999 of R2 for toluene，Y=112.29x－7.176 with 0.999 of R2 for p-xylene，ranging concentration from 0.088 to 8.8ng/mL. There are the linear relationship equations with better R2 of 0.997 between the reciprocal of amounts of BTX extracted and the reciprocal of gas volume. The sorption coefficients（K）are 3.9×106, 2.6×107 and 3.2×107 for benzene，toluene and p-xylene，respectively. The extraction recovery are 97.2%，98.9% and 96.4% for benzene，toluene and p-xylene，respectively.The mean relative standard deviation (RSD) and relative error (RE) are 7.47% and 3.38% for BTX, respectively. Detection limits are 1.7×10－3，2.3×10－3　and 2.3×10－3ng/mL for benzene，toluene and p-xylene，respectively. Linear ranges of 104 are achieved for BTX. The maximum amount of the adsorbed for BTX is 3μg.

Investigation of the Lower Resistance Meridian
Ⅲ. Reasoning on the Histological Basis of Acupuncture Meridians

YANG Weisheng

2008, 44(2):  277-280. 

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As a result of the 4-skin-electrode measurement of the electrical resistance at different points, it disclosed that there were many meridians with lower electrical resistance in the sub-skin regions of human body. A comparison of the skin locations of the lower resistance meridians with those of the corresponding (classical acupuncture) meridians resulted in such high an agreement that could not be accidental, and thus established the objective physiological reality of the meridians. In the present paper, on the basis of meridian's lower electrical resistance and according to the well-known facts in physiology, the author argued that the essence of the meridians were only zones in the loose connective tissue but containing relatively richer interstitial fluid (tissue fluid) and thus exhibiting lower electrical resistance.

A Cladistic Study on Devonian Cladoxylopsida

XUE Jinzhuang,HAO Shougang

2008, 44(2):  299-307. 

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Cladoxylopsida is an important plant group spanning from the Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous. A tentative cladistic study on representative plants of Cladoxylopsida was carried out. Within the Cladoxylopsida, two orders, Iridopteridales and Pseudosporochnales, and other transitional forms can be recognized. The synapomorphies of Iridopteridales and Pseudosporchnales are recurvation of sterile ultimate appendages and Pseudosporochnus-type architecture, respectively. Metacladophyton and Polypetalophyton, from the Mid-Late Devonian of China, show several derived characteristics compared with Iridopteridales and Pseudosporochnales. These two plants, characterized by planate ultimate appendages and secondary growth, might represent a new higher taxon within the Cladoxylopsida. The Iridopteridales and Pseudosporochnales appeared in the Middle Devonian, while some advanced forms representated by Metacladophyton and Polypetalophyton occurred during the late Middle Devonian to early Late Devonian. From Iridopteridales, Pseudoporochnales, to the latter two plants, the lateral branching systems show an evolutionary trend from a three-dimensional pattern to a frondlike one.

A Case Study on Eco-City Development Assessment in Taiwan

HSUEH Ichen,LAI Mingjou,CHANG Hsiaofei,HSIEH Peishan

2008, 44(2):  243-248. 

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Based on the proposed Eco-city assessment indicator system, this study hopes to build up a feasible reference for the sustainable development of cities in Taiwan. In this study, there are 42 indicators proposed. The structure of the system is divided into three different aspects: environment, society, and economy in the first level. The “environment” includes second level of urban greening, city environment, and environmental management; the “society” includes five different parts of population structure, living fitness, social welfare coverage, resource conditions and culture/education; the “economy” includes business structure and production effect. In order to illuminate and estimate urban development status in Taiwan, this study choose four typical cities for cases studying, and compare the difference of environment, society and economy in these cities. Based on Eco-city assessment, development status of Taipei is better than others and approximated to Eco-city assessment indicator threshold.

Historical Experiences of Cropland Conservation and Land Management in Japan

SUN Qiang,CAI Yunlong

2008, 44(2):  249-256. 

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The authors rebuilt the cropland change track of Japan from 1880 to 2000, analyzed the relationship between farmland change and social-economic development, and summarized the historical experiences of land management and cropland conservation including farmland management system, land laws, land use planning system and their implementation measures. To solve the conflicts between cropland conservation and economic development, strict cropland conservation laws in Japan were adopted. In the period of rapid urbanization when the trend of cropland loss could not be held back, the government of Japan changed their policy to bring farmland promotion and renewal laws into practice, which made Japan a higher level of agricultural modernization than other areas in Eastern Asia. The way of centralized urbanization, operable village amalgamation and land development in Japan effectively controlled the amount of cropland loss and satisfied the land demand of urban and industry development. The farmland management system and integrated planning system were supplement each other. Strict land laws and land property right system ensured the land use planning's good implementation and made a reasonable relationship among cropland conservation, farmland renewal and urban development. China is facing many land use problems brought by fast economic growth, urbanization and industrialization with fast farmland loss as a core. Chinese policies on cropland conservation, such as “keeping quantity balance”, should be reviewed. It is necessary to learn from historical experiences of land management in Japan to establish appropriate legislation, institutions and mechanisms to avoid illegal occupation on farmland for urban development.

Application of Land Transformation Model Based on GIS and ANN:A Case Study of Beijing, China

XU Ying,Lv Bin

2008, 44(2):  262-270. 

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The land transformation model (LTM), which couples geographic systems (GIS) with artificial neural networks (ANN) to simulate and forecast urban spatial growth is presented. Using ANN with its highly intelligent function, LTM can make a quantitative analysis on the relationship between social, political, environmental factors and urban growth, and then give a prediction of urban spatial expanding. The main approach of LTM includes three steps: first, select some appropriate impact factors and pretreat them; second, set up Artificial Neural Network and train; third, input all factors data and gain the prediction result. A map of urban growth probability was calculated and used to predict future urban patterns. Then, Beijing which underwent a rapid urbanization in the past years is selected as the research area, and it shows that this LTM has a good efficiency and it is a useful tool for simulating urban growth.

Career Maturity and Emotional Intelligence：The Mediation Effect of Self-efficacy

Lv Aiqin,WANG Mingji,LIN Han,SHI Junqi

2008, 44(2):  271-276. 

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By using a sample of 397 university undergraduates, the present study examines the relationship between emotional intelligence and career maturity. By conducting correlation and structural equation model analysis, the results reveal that, not only emotional intelligence and general self-efficacy have direct effect on career maturity, but emotional intelligence also has indirect effect on career maturity through general self-efficacy. General self-efficacy acts as a mediator between emotional intelligence and career maturity.

Investigation of the Lower Resistance Meridian
Ⅳ. Speculation on the Physiological Functions of Acupuncture Meridians

YANG Weisheng

2008, 44(2):  281-288. 

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Based on the concluding statement of the preceding paper, i.e., the traditional acupuncture meridians ought to be zones in loose connective tissue containing richer intercellular fluid, along with the well established physiological facts, it is argued in the present paper that the meridians ought to be passages with lower resistance for diffusion of the meridian-signal carriers, that the meridian-signal carriers ought to be histamine, and that the meridian biological signal amplifier must be mast cells. Furthermore, according to these, a hypothesis for the function of the meridians is proposed, which suggests that, in addition to the loose connective tissue network, the circulation and nervous systems are also involved and functioning coordinately. Finally, according to the hypothesis, it is shown how the loose connective tissue network can exhibit the meridian functions described in the traditional Chinese medicine, including its functions in normal physiological conditions, its responses in pathological situations, and the along-meridian transmission of senses and effects of acupuncture, as well as the possible mechanisms of peripheral acupuncture in curing internal organ diseases, etc.

Calculating and Modeling of Pentachlorophenol's Transfer and Transformation in Environmental Medium in Jintan

TAN Da,ZHANG Jianbo,,DING Jian FENG Jinmin

2008, 44(2):  293-298. 

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Pentachlorophenol(PCP) and its sodium salt were studied. The region of interest is Jintan area in Jiangsu province where PCP has been used as pesticide against oncomelania for a long time. A dynamic multimedia fugacity model was constructed to model the environmental behavior of PCP in the area from 1959 to 2003 and the concentrations of PCP in environmental medium were calculated. For 1993, the results were compared with the monitoring data. The PCP concentrations in air, water, soil and sediment are 1.03×10^-4ng/m³，0.58μg/L，1.37μg/kg　and　4.91μg/kg respectively, and the orders are the same as those from monitoring data, while the PCP concentration in vegetation (19.2μg/kg) is one to two orders higher. Through uncertainty analysis, the influence of uncertainties of input parameters on model results has been studied.

Application of Vehicular Emission Models and Comparison of Their Adaptability

MA Yintao,Alexis.K.H.LAU,Peter.K.K.LOUIE,LI Tanfeng,LUAN Shengji

2008, 44(2):  308-316. 

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Estimating urban vehicular emission factors and vehicular emissions amount with a model is an important research field of vehicular emissions control. At present, most applications in China are geared up for those well-developed “western” models such as MOBILE, which can be an alternative when lacking adequate emission data accumulation and relative research. Developed for different research goals, however, these models will inevitably face the incompatibility of local activities in China. Most researches focused on the calculation result of emission factors, while paying very little attention on the applicability of these models in China. On the base of domestic applications analysis, the authors compare these models' adaptability from aspects of model type, regional limitation, database integrality, parameter availability, and model flexibility. Finally, suggestion is given on how to choose model according to different situation.

Source Apportionment of Formaldehyde in Urban Atmosphere Using Primary and Secondary Tracers

GU DasaSHAO Min,LU Sihua

2008, 44(2):  317-322. 

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Formaldehyde is the most abundant oxygenated volatile organic compounds in urban atmosphere. In the urban areas formaldehyde comes mainly from primary sources such as vehicular emissions and photochemical oxidation progresses. However, there are very limited researches on sources of ambient formaldehyde. Recently, source apportionment of ambient formaldehyde based on the statistical analysis by using tracers, is of increasing concern. The authors introduce the possible tracers for formaldehyde sources in cities. The results from several case studies indicate the significance of secondary sources to ambient formaldehyde. The feasibility of using various tracers for primary and secondary formaldehyde sources is discussed.

Current Status of Nitrogen Oxides Related Pollution in China and Integrated Control Strategy

ZHOU Wei,WANG Xuesong ,ZHANG Yuanhang,SU Hang,LU Keding

2008, 44(2):  323-330. 

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Current status of nitrogen oxides-related pollution in China was analyzed, including NO_x pollution and the related pollution of ozone, acid rain，particulate matter. Then the NO_x and related air quality standards were reviewed. Finally, strategy for integrated and multi-target control of NO_x pollution were put forward: executing ozone air quality standard, establishing the regional photochemical smog monitoring network; pursuing air quality modeling and control for Beijing, Pearl River Delta etc megacities; strengthening the control of NO_x emission from power station and vehicles and setting NO_x-related scientific research program.

Fractal Analysis of Thioredoxin Reductase Structure

WEI Heng,HE Dongqi,ZENG Huihui

2008, 44(2):  165-170. 

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Based on fractal geometry, a refined method is introduced for analyses of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) structures, and the calculating results of the method are suitable for TrxR. It is discovered that the fractal dimension of normal TrxR structures is about 1.33, and increase slightly when oxidized. The idea that fractal dimension is one of the important characteristics of proteins is supported by TrxR. The idea that the fractal dimensions of pharmaceutical molecule structures should agree with the fractal dimensions of target proteins is supported by the experiments in pharmaceutical molecule design.

Molecular Systematics of the 18S rDNA within the Scleractinian Corals

QI Wentong,KE Yeyan,GU Hongya

2008, 44(2):  171-176. 

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Molecular systematics is used to sequence the sclecractinian corals' 18S rDNA and to discuss the evolution and classification, in comparison with the classic systematics based on the skeletal morphology and microstructure. Concerning the classification of the suborders, families and genera, and evolution of the Scleractinian corals, two major conclusions can be drawn: 1) Scleractinia had at least two major clades in their early evolution, as indicated by the morphological classification and former molecular systematics. Although the two major clades indicated by both analysis are not exactly the same, they all propose that there is strong division among the suborders of the Order Scleractinia. 2) The five suborders of Scleractinia, Fungiina, Faviina, Caryophylliina and Dendrophylliina are not all monophyletic, and this throws doubt upon the classification of Wells' traditional suborders. Although molecular data basically support clustering the species into traditional morphologically-based genera and families, there are still some disagreements in the classification of some families, e.g. the Family Rhizangiidae within Suborder Faviina and the Family Dedrophylliidae within Suborder Dendrophylliina.

Further Study of Sphenophyllum lungtanense, with a Discussion on the Evolution of the Late Devonian Sphenophyllales in South China

WANG Deming,WAN Zhenzhu,CUI Li

2008, 44(2):  177-184. 

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Based on materials from Upper Devonian (Famennian) Wutong Formation, Shizikou Section, Chaohu City of Anhui Province, the leaf shape and venation of Sphenophyllum lungtanense Gothan et Sze are restudied. It is argued that the mode of origination and evolution of the Late Devonian Sphenophyllales in South China differs from that of Sphenophyllales in Laurussia; Sphenophyllales in South China combine primitive and advanced sterile (branch-like, linear or bladed leaves) and fertile (sporophyllous or not) organs, showing higher morphological diversity and mosaic evolution.

Research on Sedimentary Microfacies of Fourth Section of Quantou Formation in Liangjing Gudian Area of Songliao Basin

XIONG Fusheng,SHI Ge,SUN Yongmei,SUN Yujuan

2008, 44(2):  185-192. 

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Based on areal geologic background, integral analysis on core observation, particle size analysis, and logging curve shape indicates that the fourth section of Quantou formation in Liangjing Gudian area is of delta-front and shore shallow lacustrine depositional systems. Two major river systems which come from southeast and southwest supply the source materials to this area. Especially, the microfacies of delta plain mainly developes subwater distributary channels,its flank, subwater interdistributary bay, and the delta front mainly consist of interchannels, debouch bars, far bars and mat shape sands. In this area, the distributary channel constitutes the dominated reservoirs. The research result firstly explains the sedimentary microfacies' space-time distributing characters, and provides geologic base for the further exploration and development.

Trap Types，Distribution and the Law of Spatial Combination in the West Tabei Uplift, Tarim Basin

GENG Yuhai LI Jianghai,HE Dian

2008, 44(2):  193-200. 

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Based on “Genetic Classification” theory, the traps discoveried in the west Tabei uplift are classified into four types and eight sub types in the carbonate strata and the clastic strata which are two kinds of exploration goals. Different trap types lay in different formations and different areas, and the distributional characteristics are researched. Four trap formation stages are divided, and how the structural movements and sediment entironments control the formation of different trap types are analyzed. The law of trap spatial combination is summarized.

Petrology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Implications of the Wengeng Gabbros in Wulatezhongqi Area, Inner Mongolia

ZHAO Lei,WU Tairan ,LUO Hongling,HE Yuankai

2008, 44(2):  201-211. 

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Two types of cumulate gabbros are exposed in Wulatezhongqi area, Inner Mongolia, including amphibole gabbros and olive gabbros. The major petrogenetic minerals in the Wengeng gabbros are olive, pyroxene, plagioclase and hornblend. Based on electron microprobing analysis (EMPA), pyroxene is diopside and plagioclase is bytownite of An86 in amphibole gabbros. They also show geochemical characteristics of enriched in LILE (K，Rb，Sr，Ba), and depleted in HFSE (Nb，Ta，Zr). According to the diagrams of Al₂-TiO₂, Wo-En-Fs and An-Mg′, the amphibole gabbros are suggested to be generated at an island arc. Whereas olivine of the olive gabbros belongs to chrysolite with high Fo74, plagioclase is bytownite of An80, and pyroxene is enstatite. The geochemistry of the olive gabbros is characterized by low SiO₂ and high MgO contents, enriched in LILE (K，Rb，Sr，Ba) and LREE, and unfractionation in HFSE. All above evidences suggest that the olive gabbros are derived from a depleted mantle source in a mid-oceanic ridge or an island arc setting. According to the diagrams of Wo-En-Fs and An-Mg′, the olive gabbros are suggested to be formed in a back-arc basin setting. The formation of Wengeng gabbros may be related to the subduction of the Paleoasian ocean plate. The Wengeng gabbros should be an important lithological record of the Paleoasian ocean closure.

Research on Dynamic Predictive Model of Regional Rainfall-Triggered Geologic Hazard Based on Unsaturated Flow Theory

CONG Weiqing,LI Tiefeng,PAN Mao,ZHUANG Lili

2008, 44(2):  212-216. 

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Dynamic predictive model based on unsaturated flow theory was built through combination of infinite slope stability analysis model and Iverson transient rainfall infiltration model. The model was test on typical region of Southern China. The results show that this method can predict the occurrence and development process of regional rainfall-triggered geological hazards dynamically. So a more precise quantitative analysis method was raised for the prediction of regional rainfall-triggered geologic hazard.

Method of Technology Choosing of Municipal Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal
Ⅱ. A Case Study

ZHAO Yan,SI Jitao,TIAN Baoguo,WANG Hongtao ,LU Wenjing

2008, 44(2):  217-223. 

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Taking technology system of municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment and disposal in China as a case, Mento-Carlo numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis are studied in several typical scenarios by using the material flow and economy optimization model constructed previously. The simulation results show that, under the general condition, sanitary landfill with leachate re-circulation and power generation is supported by the model as the economically optimal technology, and the five main elements (C, H, O, N, S) will go to recycle, landfill and biogas. With the assumption of high landfill price, the pickup frequency of MSW separation at facilities as the optimal technology system is 70%. The result of sensitivity analysis shows that the power generation profit of biogas, the cost of sanitary landfill, large-scale power generation cost of separated MSW, and the cost of large-scale grate furnace are the most sensitive parameters for the decision making of technology.

Study on WARMF Model for SS Simulation in Hangbu-Fengle River Watershed

LUO Dinggui,ZHANG Wei ZHENG Yi SUN Lining WANG Xuejun

2008, 44(2):  224-232. 

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Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework (WARMF) model was applied for hydrologic and sediment simulation and temporal and spatial variation features of suspended sediment in the Hangbu-Fengle River Watershed of Chao Lake. The catchments classification and soil profile were determined based on analysis of the relation between topography and soil type within the study area, the soil profile structure and groundwater table etc. Observed hydrologic data and suspended sediment data in 2000-2003 were used for model calibration and validation. Study on calibration and validation of hydrologic and sediment parameters indicates that WARMF model is applicable for hydrologic and sediment simulation in Hangbu-Fengle River watershed. Non-point sources spatial variation analysis at three levels of watershed-subwatershed-catchment indicates that the agricultural land and forest land are the major sources of SS. Hangbu River branch is the key area for non-point sources sediment control. The SS contribution from the Class A, Class B and Class C sub-catchments is 86.53%, so they can be considered as the key SS control zones. Study on temporal changes of non-point sources SS loads into the lake indicates that SS loads are concentrated mainly from May to August, which is the key period for non-point SS pollution control.

Condition and Effect of Reactor for Removal of Pentachlorophenol Catalyzed by Immobilized HRP

YANG Guang ,ZHANG Jianbo,WANG Shanlin ,YANG Yuxiang ,ZONG Yueru,WANG Weijing

2008, 44(2):  233-236. 

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Based on the optimum condition for removal of pentachlorophenol in water by using HRP immobilized by Ｆe_３Ｏ_４sorption-gelatin embedding-cross linkage method as catalyzer, the reacting fitting and the removal efficiency were studied. The flow rate of PCP solution through the fitting was selected for better removal efficiency of Pentachlorophenol. The repetitive use of immobilized HRP for PCP removal, and the effect of secondary treatment of wastewater were also examined. The results indicate that the optimal flow rate of PCP solution for the removal efficiency of the reacting fitting is around 3mL/min and the PCP removal rate is quite stable. Repetitive use of immobilized HRP for PCP removal is stable. Once the PCP removal efficiency of primary treatment couldn't meet the drainage standard for PCP concentration, secondary treatment is also feasible. The PCP removal rate of secondary treatment can reach 92.7%, and the residual concentration of PCP can reach 0.98mg/L, which is under national first drainage standard (5mg/L) evidently.