Table of Content

20 March 1999, Volume 34 Issue 2

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The Study of Phase Diagram and Structure of Lyotropic Liquid Crystal in Mixed Ionic and Nonionic Surfactants Systems

DAI Lerong,BU Lintao

1999, 35(2):  137-143. 

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The phase diagrams of lyotropic liquid crystal and the structure of lamellar liquid crystal were studied in ionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl surface, cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide) and nonionic surfactant (polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene nonylphenol) mixture systems. The nonionic surfactant with smaller polar group mixed with ionic surfactant tend to form lamellar liquid crystal, in which the phase behavior of the nonionic surfactant is similar to the fatty alcohol mixed with ionic surfactant. One with bigger polar group mixed with ionic surfactant tend to form hexagonal liquid crystal. The area of liquid crystal phase on phase diagram in anonic-nonionic mixed surfactants system is bigger than that in cationic-nonionic mixed surfactants system. The interaction between two kinds of surfactant molecules in the former is stronger than that in the latter. The thickness of amphiphile bilayer and average molecular area of lamellar liquid crystal were determined.

Stability of Vesicle from Catanionic Surfactants in Aqueous Solution

HUANG Jianbin,ZHAO Guoxi,ZHU Buyao

1999, 35(2):  144-150. 

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The stability of vesicles formed by catanionic surfactants in aqueous solution has been investigated systematically. The vesicles are stable for weeks and maintain their stability in a rather large temperature variation. Even with an addition of inorganic salt in large amount, the catanionic surfactants still show the superior vesicle forming ability. However, the vesicles can be destroyed by adding small amounts of CaBr₂ or surfactants such as SDS or TritonX-100.

A Study on Preparation of Nanosized ZrO₂-TiO₂ Composite-Oxides Fine Powders

CHENG Humin,ZHANG Zhiying

1999, 35(2):  151-156. 

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The preparation of fine powders of nanosized TiO₂-ZrO₂ composite oxides using hydrothermal method was investigated. ZrO₂(C)-TiO₂(A), ZrO₂(C)-TiO₂(R), ZrO₂(T)-TiO₂(A), ZrO₂(T)-TiO₂(R) nanosized composite-oxides and amorphous composite-hydrous oxides of Ti-Zr were obtained. Their transformation and stability were studied. The ZrTiO₄ ceramic with theoretical density of 95% was obtained at 1400^oC for 10h.

Synthesis and Structural Analysis of 2-(Substituted Pyrrole-N-Methylene)-5-Aroylamino-1, 3, 4-Thiadiazoles and Related Products

WANG Zhanyue,WU Kuiwang,HUA Wenting

1999, 35(2):  157-161. 

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Four Polysubstituted Pyrrole-N-Methylene-1, 3, 4-Thiadiazoles were synthesized. The structure of related products have been discussed.

Studies on Structure and Activity of Effective Antigenic Peptide P141 of 28kDa Glutathione S-Transferase of Schistosoma Mansoni

XU Jiaxi,QIN Zhihui,YI Youyun,CAI Mengshen

1999, 35(2):  162-166. 

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Four analogs of effective antigenic peptide P141 of 28kDa glutathione S-transferase of schistosoma mansoni have been designed according to similarity of the amino acid residues in the structure, Chou-Fasman's secondary structural parameters P_α, P_β and P_t values and hydrophilicity of amino acid residues, respectively. They were synthesized by using solid phase method and their antigenicities were assayed by ELISA method with anti-schistosomal polyclonal antibodies to surface membrane antigen. The structure-activity relationship of P141 and its analogs was discussed.

Synthesis of Silyl Enol Ether of 1-Acyl-2-Ary1-1, 2, 3, 4-Tetrahydro-4-quinolones

ZHAO Yajun,YUAN Jinfang,LI Liangzhu

1999, 35(2):  167-171. 

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1-Benzene-sulfonyl-2-aryl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-4-quinolones were treated with N, N-Dimethyltrimethylsilylamine (Me₃SiNMe₂), catalyzed by trace amount of TsOH, to give trimethylsilyl enol ethers of the azaflavanones in high yield (90%-98%). The 1-acetyl analogues could also be converted to their corresponding enol ethers. The structural assignments were based on elemental analysis and spectral data (¹H-NMR, MS, IR).

The Studies on the Respiratory Burst Changes with Age in Rabbit Peritoneal Macrophage with Chemiluminescence Method

ZHU Long,LI Yuanzong,CI Yun xiang

1999, 35(2):  172-177. 

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The major products of respiratory burst in cells are active oxygen, which include anionic free radical of oxygen, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl free radical. With the changes of age, the changes of respiratory burst will occur. This phenomenon has a close relationship with the variation of animal body. In this paper, macrophage chemiluminescence(CL) and the function of 3 cell stimulus, Con A, PMA and N-FMLP, have been studied. In the experiment, the intensity of macrophage CL increased with the increasement of stimulus concentration and had linear relationship with the concentration in the range of 100000 to 1000000 cells/mL. The optimal experimental conditions are luminous concentration of 0.1mmol/L, stimulus of 0.00015g/mL for Con A and 0.00020g/mL for PMA, and reaction time of 10 minutes at 37^oC. In 4 types of cells diluents, HBSS-1% BSA is the best buffer solution. The pH range is from 7.2 to 7.4. Using this method to study the relationship between the changes of active oxygen and the age of rabbit, we established a good relation between macrophage CL intensity and the age of rabbit.

Studies on Peptides and Polysaccharides in Several Pollens

XU Jiaxi,MIAO Ping,SONG Yanling,JIN Sheng

1999, 35(2):  178-182. 

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Studies on separation and determination of peptides from Brassica campestris, Papaver somniferum and Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) pollens and polysaccharides from Typha angustifolia, Codonopsis Pilosula and Papaver somniferum pollens, and their bioactivities were reported in this paper.

Study on PbS/SiO₂ Quantum-Dot-Glass Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

HUANG Jianbin,DAI Qinghong,GUI Linlin

1999, 35(2):  183-190. 

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The sol-gel process has been applied to preparation of small size PbS crystal doped silica glasses. Silica glasses containing 0.87%-6.6% PbS were synthesized in a process which includes the two-step hydrolysis of Si(OC₂H₅)₄ and Pb(CH₃COO) ₂·3H₂O, drying and heating of doped gels, and the reaction by exposing the porous glass of PbO/SiO₂ to H₂S gas. The sol-gel transition point and specific surface area for the doped system were measured. Surfactant microemusion is added to the Sol-gel process to obtain smaller size PbS microcrystal with narrower size distribution. From the results of transmission electron micrographs, PbS crystals were 3-6nm in diameter for methanol method and 2-3nm for microemulsion method. In the optical absorption spectra, the absorption edge exhibited a blue shift compared with that of the bulk PbS, especially for the samples made by microemusion method. Thus the quantum size effect was found for glasses containing PbS prepared by the sol-gel process.

Polycomponent Analysis of Metal Ions by 2-(2'-Imidazolylazo)Phenol-4-Sulfonic Acid

DAVUT·Ismail,LIU Mi,ZHAO Fenglin,TONG Shenyang

1999, 35(2):  191-194. 

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The reaction of 2-(2'-imidazolylazo)phenol-4-sulfonic acid(IAP-4S) with Cu(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III) has been studied. The optimum pH ranges for the complex reaction are 5-11, 5-11 and 5-7, respectively. The reaction is completed within 2 min at room temperature. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0-0.0000035g/mL for Cu(II), 0-0.0000040g/mL for Zn(II), 0-0.0000035g/mL for Fe(III), and the apparent molar absorptivities of the complexes are 22800, 21100 and 14100L/mol.cm, respectively. Three components in the synthetic mixed solutions have been determined by Beckman DU-7 UV-VIS spectrophotometer with polycomponent function. The results are satisfactory.

Discovery of Carbonatite in the Fanshan Alkaline Igneous Complex in Hebei Province, China

MU Baolei,SHAO Ji'an,BIAN Zhenhui

1999, 35(2):  243-247. 

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The Fanshan complex is central type alkaline ultrabasic rock-alkaline rock intrusion. It was formed by three period intrusions and all period rocks was penetraed by carbonatites and synite vein rocks. The main type of the carbonatites rock includes: biotite calcite carbonatite, orthoclase-biotite calcite carbonatite, pyrite-calcite carbonatite and so on. Content of Strontium is 0.003364-0.019263, and content of Barium is 0.000323-0.000378 in the carbonatites. The ∑REE is 0.000323-0.000551, and the δEu value is 0.99-1.1, and the (w(La)/w(Yb))_N ratio is 291.9-759.4 in the carbonatite. The δ¹⁸O value of the carbonatite is +0.0086-+0.0102, and the δ¹³C value of carbonatite is -0.0049. On the basic facts described above, it is thought that the carbonatite originated basically from magma.

Effects of ATP on the Thermoregulation in the Rat

SUN Jiurong,HUANG Yihua,ZHONG Liwen,YE Wen,JI Fei

1999, 35(2):  217-224. 

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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a kind of purinergic neurotransmitter. By means of intraperitoneal injection, intrapreoptical microinjection and Neuronal study of preoptic area of hypothalamic (POAH) tissue slice, effects of ATP on thermoregulation in the rat were investigated. The results are as follows. (1) there occurred an appreciable hypothermia followed by intraperitoneal injection of ATP with dose-dependent effect. Pindolol, a noradrenaline-β receptor antagonist, abolished the effect and suggested that the Tb fall was presumptively mediated by sympathetic nervous system; (2) Intrapreoptical administration of ATP with lower concentration decreased the body temperature, but the effect could be dramatically eliminated by reactive blue 2, a nonselective P₂-purinoceptor antagonist, hinting the likelihood that purinoceptors play an important role in thermoregulation; The higher doses, however, elicited the body temperature rise, which might be attributed to the chelating effect of ATP on free extracellular calcium; (3) The effects of ATP on the warm-sensitive neurons in POAH slices gave further evidence for the result showed in vivo, the higher and lower concentrations of ATP inhibited and facilitated the spontaneous firing of warm-sensitive neurons respectively, which suggested that ATP involved in thermoregulation by direct affecting the warm-sensitive neuron activity in POAH.

Purification and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay of Human Fetal Liver Metallothionein

ZHENG Junheng,RU Gang,RU Binggen

1999, 35(2):  225-229. 

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After human fetal liver was homogenized, centrifuged and precipitated with ethanol, two forms of metallothionein (MT-1, MT-2) were purified by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-75, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow. Their purity was verified by amino acid composition analysis. Using human MT-1 as antigen, the antiserum was produced in rabbit. Then enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection and quantitative analysis of human metallothionein, and the standard curves were supplied.

Topological Coding and Chirality of Molecular Structures of D-and L-Alanines in Higher Dimensional Spaces

CHEN Weichang,WANG Wenqing

1999, 35(2):  230-236. 

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Topological properties of higher dimensional spaces are analyzed and a standard graphic method to express such spaces is deduced. An N-dimensional space posesses 2^N vertices which can be arranged according to their Hamming distance values. Molecular structures of organic compounds can be embedded into the frame of a higher dimensional space, and a new topological coding system for the molecular structure of organic compounds is then derived. In this coding system, different superscripts are used to denote different kinds of nonhydrogen atoms. The connection pattern of the nonhydrogen atoms are encoded according to their positions and arrangements in the higher dimensional space. This topological coding system is simple, universal, unique and easy to use. Different kinds of stereoisomers and the chirality of the organic compounds can be distinguished in this coding system. The chirality of L-type and D-type amino acids and their relationship to the topological coding system is particularly analyzed.

Crystal Growth of Hemoglohin of Bar-headed Goose in Space

HUA Ziqian,LIANG Xue,LIANG Yuhe,XU Qian,KUANG Bao,LI Huikuang,WEI Xincheng

1999, 35(2):  237-242. 

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The hemoglohin of Bar-headed Goose has been choosen as investigation of Crystal growth in space by vapour diffusion method. Two times experiments under microgravity was done in Chinese re-entry capsule FSW-2, The small crystals have been obtained at first time and the big crystals suitable for X-ray analysis after improving the condition of crystalligation. The suggestion by X-ray experiment could be made as follows. (1) In comparison with the crystals grown on earth, the crystals grown in space are rather perfect, the resolution of crystal in space is by 0.06nm higher than the crystal on earth. (2) The crystals grown in space favour packing in orthorhombic crystal system and the parameter of unit cell in one direction is about 0.8nm longer than the crystals on earth.

Mid-Holocene Paleoclimatic-Paleoenvironmental Changes in Zhejiang Province and Hemudu Ancients

JIANG Dayong,WANG Xinping,HAO Weicheng

1999, 35(2):  248-253. 

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The changes of Mid-Holocene paleoclimate-paleoenvironment along the eastern coast of Zhejiang province and its influence on the Hemudu Ancients are discussed in this paper. Results of the study indicate that the coming of Mid-Holocene megathermal maximum is an important factor for the domicile and the development of the Hemudu Ancients, and it is an favorable condition for the development of Hemudu oryzo-agriculture at that time. The divided periods of the paleoclimatic-paleoenvironmental changes in Zhejiang Province can be well correlated with the periods of the development of the Hemudu Ancients. The tropical climatic-environmental changes, including the aggravation of natural calamities caused by these changes, have great influence on the changes of the life of the Hemudu Ancients. Especially the process of the paleoclimatic-paleoenvironmental changes from slow cooling turning to rapid warming is probably one of the essential causes for the great change of the life of the Hemudu Ancients.

Some Clues of Remained Pieces of Paleoophiolites in the East Part of Dandong-Kuandian District

DU Weiwei,WANG Renming,WANG Guanyu

1999, 35(2):  254-258. 

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Based on the chemical composition and REE data of MORB-type amphibolites from South Liaohe Group in east part of Dandong-Kuandian District, it is proved that there have been a paleoocean basin between Langlin and Longgang Archaeozoic massifs. The discovery of ocean-born gabbroes, diabases and pyroxenites is definite clues to look for more remained pieces of paleoophiolites in this region.

Fluid-Rock Equilibrium System of Archean Wanzi Rock Series in Taihang Mountains

LIU Shuwen,LIANG Haihua,HUA Yonggang

1999, 35(2):  259-264. 

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The Archean metamorphic layering rock series in the Taihang Mountains consist mainly of Al-rich gneiss, various marbles, granulitites and others. There is marked difference in Equilibrium fluids' composition between Al-rich gneiss and marbles. Metamorphic fluid equilibrating with diopside-marble and fosterite-marble presents x(H₂O)=0.02-0.07, however, these equilibrating with Al-rich gneiss has higher water, x(H₂O)=0.27-0.747. There is a great disparity among different rocks in fluid composition in a small area. Fluid composition is controlled by lithology. The mole fraction of water in metamorphic fluid of Al-rich gneiss is higher and the one in marbles is extremely lower, implying that inner buffering plays a leading role in the fluid/rock equilibrium system of the Wanzi layering rock series. This forms a sharp contrast to the fluid/rock equilibrium system with infiltration playing a dominant role in the Fuping gneiss complex. The infiltration of the Fuping gneiss complex and buffering of the Wanzi layering rock series in the fluid/rock equilibrium system suggest that they formed at different tectonic levels of the earth.

Studies on Urban Total Air Pollutant Emission Control Planning in China

MA Xiaoming,LI Shigang,LUAN Shenji,YE Wenhu

1999, 35(2):  265-270. 

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Urban air pollution is a quite severe problem in China. Imposing restriction on total emission quantity of air pollutants will be a major environmental management measure to have the situation control. Based on several case studies, the method of working out a total emission quantity plan for control of air pollution has been developed, and the concept of emission equivalent was introduced. The permitted total emission equivalent quantity of urban air pollutants and its distribution in urban area, which can be used as regional air pollution control index and can be allocated to each major pollution source to determinate its permitted emission quantity, can be worked out by making up regional air pollutants shift matrix and by using linear programming model. We have applied this method in the total emission quantity control plan of urban air pollutants and discovered that permitted emission quantity of urban air pollutants is in direct proportion to emission height's α power. α is a parameter that provide scientific basis for allocating total permitted emission quantity. It ranges from 0 to 1 and equals 0.80 in Jinan city.

The Neotectonic Movements of Enkai Fault Zone in Guangdong Province

ZHANG Ke,CHEN Guoneng,DENG Ruru

1999, 35(2):  271-280. 

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Enkai fault zone is one of the important fault zones along the coast area of southeast China. The fault zone with the length of about 160km is mainly constituted by three approximately parallel NE faults (F₁ and F₂ incline to NW and F₃ incline to SE). In Tertiary the faults moved in a way of normal faulting. However, at the end of Tertiary or early Quaternary, the faults turned to be compressive ones by WNW-ESE strong horizontal force, resulting in compressive deformation along the whole fault zone. Probably because of weakening of the WNW-ESE compressive stress from middle Pleistocene and because of weakening tendency of compressive stress from the south to the north along the southeastern coast of China, compressive stress in the south segments of the fault zone is strong enough to make the faults move in a way of reverse faulting and form reverse faulting landform while compressive stress in the north segments of the fault zone is so weak compared to isostacy force as to make the fault blocks restart isostacy uplift, move in a way of normal faulting and form normal faulting landform. Because of the approximate equilibrium between isostacy and horizontal compressive force in the middle segments of the fault zone, the faults have kept relatively steady state, resulting in weak contrast landform. In about late Pleistocene, a series of NW faults in the fault zone came into being or reactivated. On one hand, these NW faults, due to small angle between their strike and main compressing stress axis, have relatively small friction stress on the fault surfaces so that they could be moved more easily and often offset NE faults, forming obstacles to the strike slip of NE faults. On the other hand, the movements of NW faults release some strain energy so that they weaken compressive stress on the NE fault surfaces. Both of them reduce the activity of NE faults.

Studies of Buckwheat Pollen Peptides and its Analogues on Synthesis, Structure and Immune Activity

WANG Xia,LIU Junda,WANG Shu,SONG Yanling

1999, 35(2):  195-200. 

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Buckwheat pollen peptide (BPP-1) and its three analogues were synthesized using Merrifield solid phase method. The secondary structure of BPP-1 in solution was studied by FT-IR and CD spectra. It was considered that the conformation of the peptide was a random coil and β-sheet. In TFE, characteristic negative extrema near 222 and 206nm were observed in its CD spectra. It seems that the BPP-1 is in the form of a α-helix. The effect of these peptides on spleen lymphocytes from mice and on release of sIL-2R from human lymphocytes were studied. The results showed that these peptides exhibit certain immune activity.

Radiation Synthesis of Thermally Reversible Copolymers Poly(NIPAAm/X) and Their Applications

JIANG Guilin,YI Min,ZHANG Jianbo

1999, 35(2):  201-208. 

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Poly(NIPAAm/X) copolymer hydrogels were synthesized by radiation polymerization at room temperature where X=acrylic acid (AAc), acrylamide (AAm), N-vinyl-4-pyrrolidone(N-vp) and 4-vinyl pyridine(4-vp). The optimum conditions of preparation were given. All the copolymer hydrogels possess temperature sensitivity and nice physical properties. Poly(NIPAAm/AAc) was the only copolymer hydrogel that not only had the temperature sensitivity but also had the pH sensitivity at pH=11, which had the swelling ratio as high as 350. Concentration effect of uranyl ions in dilute aqueous solution by the copolymer hydrogels synthesized here was investigated. It was found that only poly(NIPAAm/AAc) exhibited large concentration capacity for uranyl ions in weak acid solution. The concentration mechanism was discussed.

Periodicity of Cambial Activity and Variability of Peroxidase and Esterase Isozymes in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv

LUO Lixin,CUI Keming,LI ZhengliChenglee Lee,LI Juhuai

1999, 35(2):  209-216. 

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The cambium of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv resumed its activities in mid-March. It ceased to produce new phoem cells at the end of July, but continued to differentiate into xylem cells until mid-August, at which time the cambium became dormant albeit subsequent differentiation of newly formed immature phloem and xylem cells into mature ones continued until December. In consistent with the periodicity of cambial activity, the variability of peroxidase isozyme activity as demonstrated by isozymography was most significant in the cambial region. PO I and PO II presented only in the spring when cambium activity was resumed. The activity of PO III was weakened in summer and increased gradually reaching to the highest level in winter. The variability of esterase isozyme activity in the vascular tissues was in consistent with the periodicity of cambial activity. Isozyme bands of EST III-V near the negative pole of the zymograph disappeared in specimens collected during growth season and its activity was revived when cambium became dormant. Isozymes of EST II being the most active and present over time, might play an important role in devolopment and differentiation of vascular tissues.