The authors focus on the task of entity linking of Chinese microblog in NLP&CC2013, taking Sina microblog data provided by CCF as training data and test data, and Yebol Chinese segmentation system as segmentation technology. A way of entity linking is proposed which links from knowledge base to search entity from thesaurus, using improved pinyin edit distance and suffix vocabulary matching method. The authors also propose a disambiguation method, and the method combine entity clustering disambiguation and similar entity disambiguation based on Baidu encyclopedia. In the task of Chinese microblog entity linking of CCF, this system performs as the third-most-correct-probability system with a correct rate of 0.8838 in ten systems. The result indicates that the proposed entity link and entity disambiguation has efficiency and the ability to apply noise in text.

Six representative acid-base components are proposed to quantitatively characterize acid-base properties of particulate matter. Micro-titration and determination of water-soluble ion concentrations are applied to water-soluble particulate matter extract, then the acid-base balance principle and the principle of charge conservation are adopted to calculate the concentrations of representative components. Polynomial regression is conducted to analyze the relationship between the amounts of hydrogen ions neutralized by particulate matter of unit mass and the initial pH values of absorption solutions, and a series of empirical equations are obtained, which are applicable to estimate the change in pH derived by the particles absorbed by the precipitation with lower ion concentrations.

Samples for rain water were collected at four sites including Beijing city and Mazhuang Town in the north of China and Shenzhen city and Mangdang Mountain in the southeast of China. The pH values of precipitation, values of conductivity and concentrations of major water soluble ions were measured. The pH values of rainwater in Beijing City, Mazhuang Town, Shenzhen City and Mangdang Mountain were 6. 02, 5. 97, 4. 72 and 4. 81, respectively. The most abundant ions in the rainwater included SO^2-₄,NH⁺₄, Ca²⁺ and NO^-₃.SO^2-₄ was still the major acid ion in rain and NH⁺₄ was the most important neutralizing ion at these four sites. While the rainwater in the north of China was more severely polluted than that in the south, the acidity of the rain was greater in the south than that in the north. Enrichment factor was used to analyze the contribution from sea-water, soil and other sources to rainwater. Hysplit 4. 7 Model was used to indicate different chemical characters among different backward trajectories. The chemical characters of rainwater in Mazhuang Town were distinctly different among different trajectories and it was not significant among different trajectories in Shenzhen City and Mangdang Mountain.

The authors collected and analyzed three rainwater samples in Shenzhen in April and four rainwater samples in a rural area of Taian in July, 2007. The ion species in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations were measured to get the influence of washout process of particles on ion concentrations in rainwater. Compared to that in Taian, the rainwater in Shenzhen showed higher ion concentrations and stronger acidity. The washout process made a more important contribution to ion concentrations in rainwater in Taian than in Shenzhen, because Taian had a more serious air pollution. The washout process of particles was very important. The scavenging ratios of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in PM²⁺ were high for Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ mostly existed in coarse particles. NO^-₃, NH⁺₄, Cl^- and K⁺ mainly existed in fine particles and had smaller scavenging ratios. SO₂ and H₂SO₄ contributed a lot to the concentration of SO^2-₄ in rainwater and therefore SO^2-₄ had a high scavenging ratio.

On the basis of the previous studies, six key issues can be identified which are static state of the model, shortage of the flexibility of parameter choice, ignoring of the influence that socioeconomic factors give to the productivity of lands, unilateralism of the ecological accounting, weakness of sustainability assessments and overlooking the complexity of land quality or function. Furthermore, the authors point out another kind of defect that there is a conceptual shortage in original trade-correct method and suggest a series of methods to adjust ecological footprint model, then analyze the feasibility of these methods and discuss the challengeso as to perfect the ecological footprint theory and methodology.

Based on the authors investigation of the isoprene and monoterpene emissions from Hevea brasiliensis (H.B.K) Muell.-Arg in Xishuangbanna, it was found that the isoprene emission was low (emission factor varies between 0 and 1μgC·g^-1h^-1) and the monoterpene emissions were high (emission factor varies between 10 and 100μgC·g^-1h^-1). It was presumed that the scarcity of the isoprene synthase in the chloroplast of hevea brasiliensis leaves dominated the special emission character.

The volatile organic compounds source profiles of motor vehicle exhaust, gasoline vapor and liquid gasoline were determined by averaging the ratios of individual VOC species concentration to the total concentrion of all VOC species measured. The gasoline exhaust and diesel exhaust display similar distributions. The alkanes and alkenes below C4 are the most abundant compounds in liquefied petroleum gas exhaust. The compounds below C5 and above C6 are the major content in gasoline vapor and liquid gasoline respectively.