Abstract: Samples for rain water were collected at four sites including Beijing city and Mazhuang Town in the north of China and Shenzhen city and Mangdang Mountain in the southeast of China. The pH values of precipitation, values of conductivity and concentrations of major water soluble ions were measured. The pH values of rainwater in Beijing City, Mazhuang Town, Shenzhen City and Mangdang Mountain were 6. 02, 5. 97, 4. 72 and 4. 81, respectively. The most abundant ions in the rainwater included SO^2-₄,NH⁺₄, Ca²⁺ and NO^-₃.SO^2-₄ was still the major acid ion in rain and NH⁺₄ was the most important neutralizing ion at these four sites. While the rainwater in the north of China was more severely polluted than that in the south, the acidity of the rain was greater in the south than that in the north. Enrichment factor was used to analyze the contribution from sea-water, soil and other sources to rainwater. Hysplit 4. 7 Model was used to indicate different chemical characters among different backward trajectories. The chemical characters of rainwater in Mazhuang Town were distinctly different among different trajectories and it was not significant among different trajectories in Shenzhen City and Mangdang Mountain.

Key words: chemical characters of rainwater, acid-basic character, enrichment factor, backward trajectory

摘要： 分别在位于中国北方的北京和山东泰安郊区的马庄, 以及南方的深圳和福建南平的郊区茫荡山对降水进行了采集, 测定了其 pH 值、电导率和化学成分。北京、泰安马庄、深圳和南平茫荡山降水的pH 值分别为 6. 02, 5. 97, 4. 72 和4. 81。北方降水污染严重, 南方降水污染较轻但雨水酸度较高。SO^2-₄,NH⁺₄, Ca²⁺和NO^-₃是各地降水中主要离子组分, 不论是北方还是南方的降水中 SO^2-₄仍然是主要的致酸因子, NH⁺₄都是最主要的中和物质。应用富集因子法比较了不同地区海洋源、地壳源和其他来源对降水组分的贡献。应用后向轨迹横式分析了不同输送路径降水化学特征, 泰安马庄降水受不同路径的传输影响显著, 深圳和茫荡山降水受其影响较小。

关键词: 降水化学组成, 酸碱性, 富集因子, 后向轨迹