Abstract: In the past ten years, neuroscientists have applied brain imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potentials (ERP) to social cognitive neuroscience studies on the self, and have achieved significant progress. In this essay the authors review the important findings, including the neural substrates of self-referential processing, the differentiation between automatic and controlled processes related to the self, and the neural basis of cultural influence on self-construction. Then the paper discusses the possible research areas in the future, from the perspectives of experimental paradigms, the difference of the self and others, as well as the current situation of cultural neuroscience studies on the self in China.

Key words: self, social cognitive neuroscience, culture

摘要： 过去 10 年间, 神经科学运用脑成像技术, 如功能性磁共振成像( functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) 和事件相关电位( event-related potentials, ERP), 开始了在社会认知神经科学领域关于自我的研究, 并取得重要进展。作者首先回顾了重要的研究成果, 包括自我参照加工的神经机制、关于自我的自动加工与控制加工的区分以及文化对自我结构相关脑区的影响; 然后从实验范式、自我和他人的差别以及我国文化神经科学研究现状 3 个角度, 探讨了未来的研究方向。

关键词: 自我, 社会认知神经科学, 文化