Using water-sediment microcosms and 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA sequencing analyses, phenanthrene (PHE) was selected as a representative compound of PAHs to explore its effects on water quality, as well as on the diversity, structure, and function of sediment microbial communities. The results indicated that PHE pollution affected both the magnitude and stability of water quality parameters. PHE was predominantly adsorbed onto the sediment, with a degradation efficiency of 99% observed on day 56 in the PHE treatment group. Significant differences were found in bacterial communities (R_ANOSIM = 0.293, P = 0.002) and fungal communities (R_ANOSIM = 0.147, P = 0.031) among different treatment groups. The relative abundance of many bacteria, archaea, and fungi associated with PHE degradation was higher in the PHE treatment groups than that in the control group. Compared with the control and low-dosage (PHE(L)) groups, microbial networks in the medium-dosage (PHE(M)) and high-dosage (PHE(H)) groups exhibited higher average clustering coefficients and positive correlations. Functional processes such as carbon fixation, nitrogen metabolism, and sulfur metabolism had lower relative abundance in the later incubation stages in the PHE(M) and PHE(H) groups, while methane metabolism had higher relative abundance. pH was identified as the key factor influencing the structures and functions of bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities, followed by NH₄⁺-N. 

以菲(PHE)为代表性多环芳烃(PAHs)污染物, 构建水–沉积物微观模拟体系, 采用16S rRNA和18S rRNA测序技术, 研究PHE对水质以及沉积物微生物群落多样性、结构和功能的影响。结果表明, PHE污染改变了上覆水水质参数的数值及其稳定性; PHE主要吸附在沉积物中, 且培养到第56天时, 各处理组中沉积物的PHE降解率均达到99%。不同处理组间的细菌群落(R_ANOSIM = 0.293, P = 0.002)和真菌群落(R_ANOSIM = 0.147, P = 0.031)存在显著差异。PHE处理组中多种与PHE降解相关的细菌、古菌和真菌的相对丰度高于对照组。与对照组和低剂量处理组(PHE(L))相比, 中、高剂量处理组(PHE(M)和 PHE(H))的微生物网络表现出更高的平均聚类系数和更强的正相关关系。在培养后期, PHE(M)和 PHE(H)组中碳固定、氮代谢和硫代谢等功能的相对丰度较低, 而甲烷代谢功能的相对丰度较高。pH是影响细菌、古菌和真菌群落结构和功能的关键因子, 其次是NH₄⁺-N。