This study analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metal pollution in seawater and surface sediments in Shenzhen coastal areas by literature retrieval methods. The WQI (water quantity index), Species Sensitivity Distribution method, and potential ecological risk index method were applied to conduct the ecological risk assessments of heavy metal pollution in seawater and surface sediments. The results showed that: 1) The contents of Hg, Cu, Pb, and Cd in the seawater of the west was higher than that of the east, which may be related to the development of the west, more pollution and the poor water exchange of water in the Shenzhen Bay. 2) Based on the first category of Sea Water Quality Standard, WQI>1 indicated that there was no clean water in Shenzhen coastal areas; the ecological risk of heavy metals in offshore water was mostly at high or medium risk levels, in the order of Cu>Hg>Cd>Pb. 3) The contents of heavy metals Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr in the surface sediments of Shenzhen coastal areas decreased from the northwestern Pearl River Estuary to the southeastern seas; the pollution of Hg and As was concentrated in the Shenzhen Bay and the eastern seas; heavy metal pollution in surface sediments was closely related to the frequent human activities and consistent with the distribution in seawater. 4) The comprehensive potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments in Shenzhen coastal areas was extremely high, with Cd having the highest ecological risk, followed by Cu and Hg. 

通过文献检索, 分析深圳近海海水和表层沉积物中重金属污染的空间分布特征, 并采用WQI污染指数法、物种敏感性分布法和潜在生态风险指数法, 分别对海水和表层沉积物中的重金属污染进行生态风险评价, 得到以下结果。1) 深圳近海海域中, 西部水体中重金属Hg, Cu, Pb和Cd的含量高于东部, 可能与西部开发力度大、接纳污染多和深圳湾水体交换不畅等因素有关。2) 基于第一类海水水质标准的WQI>1, 表明深圳近海无清洁水体; 近海海水重金属生态风险多处于高风险和中风险水平, 排序为Cu>Hg>Cd>Pb。3) 深圳近海表层沉积物中重金属Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb和Cr含量由珠江口西北部上游向东南部海域递减; Hg和As污染集中于深圳湾和东部海域, 表层沉积物重金属污染与频繁的人类活动密切相关, 且与海水中相应重金属的分布趋势一致。4) 深圳近海表层沉积物重金属的综合潜在生态风险极高, 其中Cd生态风险最高, Cu和Hg次之。