Taking Pingshan District of Shenzhen as an example, this study started from the relationship between supply and demand, combined with mobile phone signaling and point of interest (POI) data, and used the Gaussian two-step mobile search method and p-median model to explore the accessibility and spatial optimization strategies of three types of medical facilities: general hospitals, community health centers and community clinics. The results showed that: 1) the overall spatial distribution of medical facilities in Pingshan District is “unbalanced”. The current medical facilities are mainly located in the central and northern areas of Pingshan District, and there are few in the south. 2) There is a mismatch between the accessibility of medical resources and the distribution of demand. General hospitals and community health centers are mostly distributed in the central area of Pingshan District, and the overall accessibility shows the distribution characteristics of Pingshan Street as the center and decreasing to the outer circle. Community clinics are concentrated in densely populated areas and have uneven accessibility. 3) The areas of high urgency are mostly distributed in Shatian, Tianxin, Biling, Longtian, Jiangling and Zhukeng communities, and the shortage of medical facilities in high‑urgency areas is more severe. 4) Based on the p-median model, the optimal location of three types of medical facilities is determined. The number of optimized grids for general hospitals, community health centers, and community clinics is 30, 32, and 66, respectively, with urgent needs reduced by 71.43%, 55.17%, and 97.06%. After optimization, the three types of medical facilities are evenly distributed across the district.

以深圳市坪山区为例, 从供需关系出发, 结合手机信令和兴趣点(POI)等数据, 采用高斯两步移动搜寻法和p-中位模型, 探讨综合医院、社康中心和社区诊所3类医疗设施可达性与空间优化策略, 得到如下结果。1) 坪山区医疗设施总体上呈现“非均衡型”空间分布, 现状医疗设施主要位于坪山区中部及北部地区, 南部分布较少。2) 医疗资源可达性与需求分布不匹配。综合医院与社康中心多分布于坪山区中部区域, 可达性整体上呈现以坪山街道为中心, 向外围圈层递减的分布特征; 社区诊所向人口密集区集中, 可达性分布不均衡。3) 高迫切性需求区域多分布于沙田、田心、碧岭、龙田、江岭和竹坑社区, 高迫切性需求区域医疗设施的稀缺程度也更高。4) 基于p-中位模型, 确定 3 类医疗设施的优化选址。综合医院、社康中心和社区诊所的优化网格数为30, 32和66, 迫切性需求下降71.43%, 55.17%和97.06%, 优化后3类医疗设施分布均衡。