In order to accurately grasp the emission characteristics of anthropogenic air pollutants in Kunming, this study utilizes statistical data from the statistical yearbook and various municipal departments, integrating enterprise surveys, field sampling, and on-site interviews and investigations to establish an anthropogenic emission inventory for Kunming in 2018. The source spectrum data for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Kunming were obtained through emission outlet testing at key enterprises and literature research. A detailed list of VOCs sub-species in Kunming was compiled, and their ozone formation potential was calculated. The results showed that the emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), carbon monoxide (CO), VOCs, ammonia (NH₃), particulate matter (PM₁₀), fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) in Kunming during 2018 were 13476.92 tons, 53327.85 tons, 397383.83 tons, 55514.73 tons, 20465.41 tons, 75473.99 tons, 29405.57 tons, 1947.53 tons, 4405.39 tons, respectively. Among these, the primary emission sources for NO_x were mobile sources (50.7%), NH₃ were agricultural sources (88.5%), PM₁₀ were dust sources (44.1%) and process sources (43.1%). The main emission sources of CO, VOCs and PM_2.5 were process sources, which accounted for 68.2%, 41.7%, and 51.2% of the emissions of different pollutants, respectively. The primary emission sources for SO₂, BC and OC were stationary combustion sources of fossil fuel, with emission shares of 53.0%, 45.0% and 35.9%, respectively. Pollutants were mainly concentrated in the 5 districts of the main city as well as in Anning City. Within the 5 districts of the main city, pollutants were distributed outward from the center along Youth Road and Renmin Middle Road, with relatively few pollutants found in Chenggong District. SO₂, BC, and OC were mainly distributed by high-value point sources, NO_x, CO, VOCs, and PM_2.5 were distributed by a combination of line and point sources. PM₁₀ presented a spatial distribution characterized by a combination of point and surface sources. NH₃ showed a significant spatial distribution characteristics of surface sources. VOCs sub-species inventory emissions were dominated by aromatic hydrocarbons and alkanes, with the main sources being vehicle emissions and architectural coatings, as well as the industrial solvent. Ozone formation potentials (OFP) for aromatic hydrocarbons accounted for up to 49.9%, with species such as (m- and p-) xylene, toluene, and ethylene comprising a relatively high proportion of the VOCs species. 

anthropogenic emission inventory, VOCs sub-species inventory, Kunming, pollution characteristics; ozone formation potentials (OFP)

为准确地掌握昆明市人为源大气污染物排放情况, 利用统计年鉴和各市级部门统计数据, 结合企业填报、实地采样和走访调研, 建立昆明市2018年人为源大气污染物排放清单。通过重点企业挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)排口检测和文献调研, 得到昆明市的VOCs 源谱数据, 并编制昆明市VOCs分物种清单, 计算其臭氧生成潜势。结果表明, 2018年昆明市人为源二氧化硫(SO₂)、氮氧化物(NO_x)、一氧化碳(CO)、VOCs、氨气(NH₃)、可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)、细颗粒物(PM_2.5)、黑碳(BC)和有机碳(OC)排放量分别为 13476.92, 53327.85, 397383.83, 55514.73, 20465.41, 75473.99, 29405.57, 1947.53和4405.39 吨。其中, NO_x的主要排放源为移动源(50.7%); NH₃的主要排放源为农业源(88.5%); PM₁₀的主要排放源为扬尘源(44.1%)和工艺过程源(43.1%); CO, VOCs和 PM_2.5的主要排放源为工艺过程源, 在不同污染物排放量中的占比分别达到68.2%, 41.7%和51.2%; SO₂, BC和OC的主要排放源为化石燃料固定燃烧源, 其排放占比分别为53.0%, 45.0%和35.9%。污染物集中在主城5区和安宁市, 主城5区中, 以青年路和人民中路为中心向外辐散, 呈贡区污染物相对较少。SO₂, BC和OC以高值点源分布为主, NO_x, CO, VOCs和PM_2.5是线源和点源分布相结合, PM₁₀呈现点源和面源相结合的空间分布特征, NH₃呈现显著的面源空间分布特征。VOCs分物种清单中排放量占比最多的是芳香烃和烷烃, 主要来源为机动车排放、建筑涂料和工业溶剂等溶剂使用行业。臭氧生成潜势(OFP)中, 芳香烃类的占比高达49.9%, 且占比较高的VOCs物种为(间、对)二甲苯、甲苯、乙烯等。