Based on meteorological data, MODIS remote sensing image data and NCEP reanalysis data, the forward trajectories of dust storms in different seasons at different altitudes (500, 1000, and 1500 m) over the Mu Us Desert from 2000 to 2019 were simulated by HYSPLIT model, and was compared with the dust information identified by remote sensing image to determine the influence range of dust storm in the Mu Us Desert. The results show that: 1) In the past 20 years, the number of dust storms in the Mu Us Desert decreased slowly, with 143 dust storms months and 387 dust storms days. Since 2004, the frequency of dust storms has gradually decreased. 2) Seasonal climatic conditions have great influence on the moving path of dust storms in the Mu Us Desert. The frequency of dust storms is higher in spring and lowest in autumn. 3) The main areas affected by dust storms in the Mu Us Desert include northern Shaanxi Province, northern Shanxi Province, northern and central Hebei Province, northern and central Shandong Province, Beijing, Tianjin, eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Northeast Three Provinces. The affected areas abroad include North Korea, North Japan and the border between Russia and China. The affected sea areas include Bohai Sea, Northern Yellow Sea and sea of Japan Northwest. The comparison between remote sensing image and HYSPLIT model provides an effective tool to verify and enhance the understanding of dust transport, diffusion and deposition process, so as to provide scientific reference for disaster prevention and mitigation decision-making and sand source control.

基于气象数据、MODIS遥感影像数据和NCEP再分析资料, 利用HYSPLIT模型模拟2000—2019年毛乌素沙地上空不同海拔高度(500, 1000和1500 m)各季节沙尘暴的前向轨迹, 并与遥感影像识别出的沙尘信息进行比较, 识别毛乌素沙地沙尘暴的影响范围。结果显示: 1) 在过去的20年中, 共有143个沙尘暴月和387个沙尘暴日, 并且 2004 年以来, 毛乌素沙地发生沙尘暴的频率逐渐降低; 2) 季节性气候条件对毛乌素沙地沙尘暴的移动路径有很大的影响, 春季沙尘暴发生频率较高, 秋季发生频率最低; 3) 受毛乌素沙地沙尘暴影响的国内地区主要包括陕西省北部、山西省北部、河北省北部和中部、山东省北部和中部、北京市、天津市、内蒙古自治区东部以及东北三省, 国外受影响的地区有朝鲜、日本北部以及俄罗斯与我国交界处, 受影响的海域有渤海、黄海北部和日本海西北部。遥感影像与HYSPLIT模型的比较提供了一种对沙尘运输、扩散和沉积过程进行验证和加深了解的有效工具, 研究结果可以为防灾减灾决策及沙源地治理提供科学的参考依据。