Abstract:

The turbulence data observed by eddy covariance system combined with soil temperature and soil volumetric water content (VWC) data from Xilinhot National Climate Observatory were used to analyze respiration process and its key climatic influencing factors of the semi-arid stipa grassland ecosystem in Xilin Gol during the growing season from 2010 to 2012. The applicability of four different ecosystem respiration models over this ecosystem was compared, including three multiplication models and a Q₁₀ model. Based on this research, the interannual variability of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (R_eco) and gross primary productivity (GPP) were discussed. The respiration was affected by soil temperature and soil water content, in which soil water content was an important limiting factor. The precipitation in 2010 and 2011 was less than normal, so this ecosystem suffered from different degrees of drought stress. The respiration rate increased significantly with soil water content in the range of 12%?20%, while it was not sensitive to the change of soil water content in the range of <12% and >20%. In 2012, when the precipitation was abundant, respiration rate was more correlated with the trend of soil temperature. The fitting results indicated that Q₁₀ model had better performance (R² = 0.64) than other three models, and the cumulative total ecosystem respiration during growing season in these three years simulated by the Q₁₀ model was 157.32, 138.75 and 246.32 gC/m². The total amount of NEE was −110.28, −68.79 and −310.05 gC/m², while the total amount of GPP was 267.52, 207.57 and 555.85 gC/m². The effect of drought stress on photosynthesis was greater than that of respiration. Therefore, the inter-annual difference of net carbon exchange due to drought stress was more obvious than that of total primary productivity and respiration.

Key words: semi-arid grassland, carbon exchange, ecosystem respiration model, eddy covariance

摘要：

利用锡林浩特国家气候观象台涡度协方差通量观测系统记录的湍流数据和土壤温度、湿度数据, 分析2010—2012年锡林郭勒半干旱区针茅草原生态系统的呼吸过程及主要气候影响因子, 探讨以土壤温度和土壤体积比含水量(VWC)为计算参数的3种连乘形式的呼吸模型和Q₁₀呼吸模型在该生态系统的适用性, 在此基础上讨论该生态系统生长季净碳交换速率(NEE)、呼吸速率(R_eco)以及总初级生产力(GPP)的年际变化特征。该草原生态系统的呼吸作用受土壤温度和土壤含水量的共同影响, 其中土壤含水量是重要的限制因子。2010和2011年, 生长季降水量偏少, 该生态系统受到一定程度的干旱胁迫, 当土壤含水量处于12%~20%区间时, 呼吸速率随其升高而显著增加, 而当土壤含水量<12%或>20%时, 呼吸速率对其变化不敏感; 2012年降水充沛, 呼吸速率与土壤温度的变化趋势相关性更显著。4种呼吸模型的拟合结果表明, Q₁₀模型的表现(R²=0.64)优于其他3 种连乘模型。使用Q₁₀模型模拟的2010, 2011和2012年生长季呼吸作用的累积碳交换量分别为157.32, 138.75和 246.32 gC/m²。该草原生态系统在这3年生长季中均表现出较显著的碳汇功能, 净碳交换累积总量分别为−110.28, −68.79和−310.05 gC/m², 总初级生产力累积总量分别为267.52, 207.57和555.85 gC/m²。干旱胁迫对光合作用的影响大于呼吸作用, 与总初级生产力和呼吸作用相比, 净碳交换量的年际差异更明显。

关键词: 半干旱草原, 碳交换, 生态系统呼吸模型, 涡度相关法