Abstract:

Based on the questionnaire of 10 cities and towns in China, this research has found that there are significant differences between urban and rural area in China through the data analyzing. The survey mainly includes five aspects: energy consumption for heating and cooling, lighting energy consumption, household electricity appliances’ energy consumption, and the energy consumption for cooking. The findings show that the main energy resource are electricity, natural gas and coal and the main energy consuming activities are heating, cooking and household electricity appliances’ consumption. In addition, the results of survey reflect the difference in energy source and consumption structure between urban and rural area. Generally, the per capita energy consumption in urban is 3.2 times of rural life. Gas and electricity are the main energy source in urban area while electricity power and coal have a high proportion in rural residents. The survey results provide important reference for China to implement energy saving policy.

Key words: building energy consumption, residential buildings, energy consumption of life, differences between urban and rural areas

摘要：

对我国南北方10个城镇及农村居民建筑生活能耗进行全面调查, 利用调查数据分析我国城乡用能水平与用能方式存在显著差异的主要影响因素。建筑使用能耗主要包括采暖能耗、降温能耗、照明能耗、家用电器能耗以及炊事能耗等5个方面。调查结果表明, 电力、天然气、标准煤是三大主要居住能源; 采暖、炊事以及家电是主要的能源消耗活动。城镇与农村能耗来源和用能结构存在差异, 城镇居民人均生活消费能源是农村的3.2倍。城镇居民建筑用能以燃气和电力为主, 北方城镇燃气和电力分别占73%和20%, 南方城镇则分别占47%和23%; 农村居民建筑用能中, 电力和燃煤所占比例较高。研究结果可为我国实施节能优先政策提供一定的参考依据。

关键词: 建筑能耗, 住宅建筑, 生活能耗, 城乡差异