Abstract:

Based on the theory of man-land relationship area system, following the research ideas, which were factors to express the feature and features to group the type and types to guide the models and models to improve factors, the social economic factors and natural environment factors of rural settlement were defined clearly. The characteristics of the inequality of rural industry-labor structure, the livability of rural living environment and the intensity of rural residential land were analyzed quantitatively by the coordination coefficient model and multifactor comprehensive evaluation method. Qualitative coupling method of elements and characteristics were used to classify the rural settlements as eight types in the same county, and eleven rural residential consolidation models were proposed from the three aspects of resources allocation, structure optimization and space reconstruction in the light of the limiting factors of different rural settlement type. The empirical results show that the difference is significant in the aspect of rural settlements elements and regional characteristics in Pinggu district, Beijing. There are more restrictive factors for rural residential area sustainable utilization. 55.64% villages are imbalance in the aspect of industry-labor structure, 52% villages are unfavorable relatively in the aspect of housing conditions, 44.36% villages are less intensive in the aspect of land use, and the formation of the imbalance-not livable-height intensity is too much in the whole region. Single factor special consolidation and multi-factor comprehensive consolidation, which include upgrading of rural industrial structure, transferring of surplus labor force, renewal and reorganization of rural living environment factors, reconstruction of the urban and rural system and spatial agglomeration, are the core contents of rural residential land consolidation and rich and beautiful countryside construction.

Key words: rural residential land, classification, consolidation models, Pinggu district

摘要：

利用人地关系地域系统理论, 按照“要素表达特征、特征组合类型、类型引导模式、模式改进要素”的研究思路, 在界定农村居民点社会经济要素与自然环境要素的基础上, 使用协调系数模型和多因素综合评价法, 对农村产劳结构均衡性、人居环境适宜度和土地利用集约化3个维度的系统特征进行量化分析, 将要素特征通过矩阵组合划分出8种农村居民点类型。针对不同类型农村居民点的特征表现及其限制要素, 从资源配置、结构优化和空间重构3 方面设计出11种差别化农村居民点整治模式。研究表明, 北京市平谷区农村居民点构成要素与地域特征差异显著, 全区55.64%的村庄处于产劳失衡状态, 52%的村庄处于相对不宜居状态, 44.36%的村庄处于相对不集约状态, 整体上以产劳失衡–不宜居–相对集约化农村居民点类型为主, 农村居民点持续发展的改进要素较多; 产业优化升级与劳动力转移、人居环境要素更新与重组以及城乡体系重构与空间集聚的单要素专项整治和多要素综合整治, 是平谷区农村土地管理与富丽乡村建设的核心内容。

关键词: 农村居民点, 系统分类, 整治模式, 平谷区