A systematic survey was conducted in Laohegou Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province from mid-April to late October, 2013 (13 repeats altogether, about 15 days between repeats). Supplementary surveys were carried out in 2014 and 2015. 252 species of butterfly were found in total belonging to 12 families and 117 genera, in which the richness of Nymphalidae is the highest (33.3%). During the systematic survey in 2013, there were 235 species found, and 17 species were newly recorded in 2014 and 2015, indicating that almost complete information may be obtained based on our survey protocol. There were 3 species assessed globally as “least concern” by IUCN Red List, and 5 species protected by Chinese law. The proportion of Palearctic, Oriental, and Palearctic-Oriental species was 3.3%, 32.9%, and 63.8%, respectively. Taking the butterfly fauna composition of other districts into account, Qinling and Minshan mountains were found to serve as geographical barrier to the dispersal of Palearctic and Oriental species. The butterfly richness was the highest from June to September. Butterfly species richness was unimodal in general with elevation rising. The highest was in 1500–1600 m, and there was a minor peak in 1000–1100 m, in which the transect lied in a village near the boundary of the reserve, indicating that moderate interference by human activity was conducive to the conservation of butterfly diversity. This work provides an optimized protocol for butterfly monitoring survey.

2013年4—10月在四川老河沟自然保护区进行系统调查(共13次调查, 每次间隔约15天), 并于2014年和2015年进行补充调查。在3年的调查中共发现12科117属252种蝴蝶。在各科蝴蝶中, 蛱蝶科的物种数占比最高, 为33.3%。在2013年的系统调查中发现蝶类235种, 在2014年和 2015年的补充调查中, 新发现蝶类仅17种, 表明调查方案可获取较全面的本底数据。有5个物种收录在《国家保护的有益的, 或者有重要经济、科学研究价值的野生动物名录》中; 仅有3个物种被IUCN红色名录针对全球范围评级, 均为“无危”等级。古北种、东洋种和古北–东洋共有种的占比分别为3.3%, 32.9%和63.8%。结合周边区域的蝶类区系成分, 发现秦岭–岷山一线对古北界和东洋界物种的扩散存在地理屏障作用。蝶类物种在6—9月发生最多。随海拔上升, 蝶类物种丰度总体上呈先增后减趋势, 在海拔1500~1600 m最高; 在海拔1000~1100 m区域出现小的峰值, 该区域位于保护区边缘的扩展区, 景观异质度高, 说明人类的适度扰动有利于蝴蝶多样性的存续。研究结果可为蝴蝶多样性监测提供优化的参考方案。