Abstract:

This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of two kinds of national wetland parks and their differences and similarities by applying GIS and the methods of nearest neighbor index, Gini coefficient and kernel density estimation. Their influencing factors from the aspects of natural geography, social economy, and cultural environment are discussed with the use of SPSS and geographic analysis methods. Results show that the different development of two kinds of national wetland parks is closely related to different decisions of competent authorities and the attention of the government. They both have the agglomerate trend across the nation in spatial distribution, imbalanced status of state-level wetland parks distribution, but their distribution densities are different. South Jiangsu-North Zhejiang, East Hubei-North Hunan and Southwest Shandong are the three highdensity national wetland park distribution centers, while South Jiangsu and Northeast Shandong form high-density urban wetland park distributions. Finally, this paper discusses the factors that cause the situation in three aspects which include natural conditions, social economic conditions and cultural environment.

Key words: national wetland parks, spatial distribution, influencing factors, regional differences analysis

摘要：

对两类已有的国家级湿地公园进行空间分布特征分析, 并探讨两者间的异同。采用GIS空间分析中的最邻近距离、基尼系数、核密度等指标, 利用SPSS及地理联系率等地理分析方法, 从自然地理、社会经济、人文环境等方面, 探讨国家级湿地公园空间分布的影响因素, 得到如下结论。1) 两类国家级湿地公园不同发展过程与各自主管部门的决策及政府政策环境密切相关。2) 两类国家级湿地公园空间分布类型均属于凝聚型, 区域呈集中分布, 分布均衡性低, 区域间差异大; 但呈现不同的分布密度特点。国家湿地公园在苏南?浙北、鄂东?湘北和鲁西南3 个地区形成高密度圈, 国家城市湿地公园则在苏南和鲁东北地区形成两大高密度圈。3) 国家级湿地公园的空间分布不仅受湿地资源等自然条件影响, 还受人口分布和经济发展水平等因素以及政府理念、资金投入、法制建设等人文环境影响。

关键词: 国家级湿地公园, 空间分布特征, 影响因素, 区域差异分析