北京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3): 515-526.DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.031

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基于Ka和W波段雷达功率谱数据分析一次层状降水过程

姚富心1, 李成才1, 李浩然2,†, 阮征2, 黄勇3,4,5, 冯妍3,4,5, 初奕琦6, 卫楠6   

  1. 1. 北京大学物理学院大气与海洋科学系, 北京 100871 2. 中国气象科学研究院灾害天气科学与技术全国重点实验室, 北京 100081 3. 安徽省气象科学研究所, 合肥 230031 4. 大气科学与卫星遥感安徽省重点实验室, 合肥 230031 5. 寿县国家气候观象台, 寿县 232200 6. 航天新气象科技有限公司, 北京 100854
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-10 修回日期:2025-04-18 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-05-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(42161160329, 42030607, 42475095)和安徽省自然科学基金(2408055UQ007, 2208085UQ01)资助

Investigation of a Stratiform Precipitation Process Utilizing Ka- and W-band Radar Spectrum

YAO Fuxin1, LI Chengcai1, LI Haoran2,†, RUAN Zheng2, HUANG Yong3,4,5, FENG Yan3,4,5, CHU Yiqi6, WEI Nan6   

  1. 1. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 2. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Sciences and Technology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081 3. Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hefei 230031 4. Anhui Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Hefei 230031 5. Shouxian National Climate Observatory, Shouxian 232200 6. Aerospace New Weather Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100854
  • Received:2025-03-10 Revised:2025-04-18 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-05-20

摘要:

基于地基Ka和W双波段雷达的垂直观测功率谱数据, 采用最优估计方法反演2024年7月11日的一次层状降水雨滴谱分布和空气动力参数, 得到如下结果: 1) 利用Ka和W波段雷达获取的多普勒功率谱数据, 可以反演出准确的雨滴谱绝对数浓度及空气动力参数; 2) 逐粒径雨滴谱分布反演结果与地面雨滴谱仪探测结果吻合较好; 3) 降水过程中观测到清晰的小尺度波动以及雨滴下落过程中的粒子分选现象, 证明层状降水中仍然存在复杂的动力过程; 4) 通过追踪雨滴下落轨迹, 在弱降水时观测到明显的雨滴蒸发现象。

关键词: 双波段, 功率谱, 雨滴谱, 粒子分选, 层状降水

Abstract:

Based on vertically observed spectrum data from ground-based Ka- and W-band dual-frequency radars, this study employs an optimal estimation method to retrieve the raindrop size distribution (DSD) and aerodynamic parameters of a stratiform precipitation event on July 11, 2024. The results show that: 1) The spectrum data enable accurate retrieval of the absolute number concentration of DSDs and associated aerodynamic parameters. 2) The retrieved DSDs for individual diameter classes exhibited good agreement with validation data from a ground-based disdrometer. 3) Distinct small-scale fluctuations within the precipitation and size-sorting phenomena during raindrop descent were observed, highlighting the existence of complex dynamic processes even in stratiform precipitation systems. 4) By tracking raindrop trajectories, significant evaporation was identified during periods of light rainfall.

Key words: dual-wavelength, radar spectrum, raindrop size distribution, size-sorting, stratiform precipitation