北京大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 433-447.DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.028

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溢流相熔岩流流动行为的数值模拟方法

李之谦, 邓玄宇, 田伟   

  1. 北京大学地球与空间科学学院, 北京 100871
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-19 修回日期:2025-05-06 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-03-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0800301)资助

Numerical Simulation Methods for Effusive Lava Flows

LI Zhiqian, DENG Xuanyu, TIAN Wei   

  1. School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871
  • Received:2025-02-19 Revised:2025-05-06 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-03-20

摘要:

从熔岩流数值模拟的理论基础出发, 介绍随机模型、一维管道流模型、元胞自动机模型、基于深度平均的浅水方程模型和三维模型, 探讨不同模型的建模假设、计算效率以及适用场景。结果表明, 随机模型的计算速度快, 但缺乏时间演化数据; 一维管道流模型可快速评估熔岩流的热损失过程; 元胞自动机模型计算效率高且能提供温度和空间形态数据; 深度平均的浅水方程模型适用于平坦地形的熔岩流模拟; 三维模型提供了最详尽的动力学和热学信息, 但计算成本高。最后, 对熔岩流模拟方法的发展趋势做出展望, 包括进一步改进对熔岩流物理性质(黏度和屈服强度)的约束、更精确地描述熔岩流内部的速度和温度分布以及引入流体力学模拟研究的新方法。

关键词: 熔岩流, 数值模拟, 随机模型, 一维管道流模型, 元胞自动机模型, 深度平均的浅水方程模型, 计算流体力学(CFD) 

Abstract:

Based on the theoretical foundations of lava-flow numerical simulation, we first review five classes of models — stochastic, 1D channel flow, cellular automata, depth-averaged shallow water models, and 3D models — highlighting their underlying assumptions, computational efficiency, and applicable scenarios. Stochastic approaches deliver rapid run-times but supply no temporal evolution; 1D channel models quickly quantify heat loss; cellular automata models balance high efficiency with simultaneous temperature and morphological data; depth averaged models are best suited to low-relief terrains; while 3D models provide the most complete dynamical and thermal information at the price of high computational cost. We conclude by outlining future directions: tighter constraints on lava rheology (viscosity and yield strength), more accurate representations of internal velocity and temperature fields, and the adoption of cutting-edge techniques from broader computational fluid dynamics.

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