A geomagnetic field paleointensity study using an improved double heating Thellier-Thellier type method (IZZI method) and a rock magnetic study were conducted on archaeological pottery samples from Changji, Kashgar, Tashkurgan, and other areas in Xinjiang Uyger Autonomous Region (China). The results show that some samples carried stable primary remanent magnetization, from which geomagnetic field paleointensity data between ≈1000BC and ≈1200AD were acquired. Series criteria were applied to select reliable result and corrections were performed to the paleointensity data. Virtual axial dipole moments (VADM) of ≈5×10²²–11×10²² Am² were obtained. The paleointensities obtained are roughly in the same range as the data published in other regions of China in the same period, but the amplitude of variation is significant, which is inconsistent with the global geomagnetic field model SHAWQ2k. The new data were compared with the geomagnetic field intensity peak in the Middle East region at ≈800AD and the geomagnetic field intensity peak in East Asia region at ≈200AD. The fitting results indicate a geomagnetic field intensity peak might exist in Xinjiang region at ≈540AD, with the time of reaching the peak between East Asia and the Middle East region. This result is consistent with the westward drift characteristics of non-dipole fields, further indicating that this geomagnetic field paleointensity peak may be related to the dynamics of the Earth’s outer core.