北京大学学报自然科学版 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 941-950.DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2019.070

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环境规制对中国水污染企业的影响—— 基于“两控区”政策的实证研究

田欣1, 陈帅2, 徐晋涛3,†   

  1. 1. 北京大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 100871 2. 浙江大学中国农村发展研究院, 杭州 310058 3. 北京大学国家发展研究院, 北京 100871
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-07 修回日期:2019-05-22 出版日期:2019-09-20 发布日期:2019-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 徐晋涛, E-mail: xujt(at)pku.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    北京大学中国环境经济学学科发展项目(EEPC)资助

Impacts of Environmental Regulation on Water Pollution Enterprises in China: An Empirical Study Based on “Two Control Zones” Policy

TIAN Xin1, CHEN Shuai2, XU Jintao3,†   

  1. 1. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 2. China Academy for Rural Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058 3. National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871
  • Received:2018-11-07 Revised:2019-05-22 Online:2019-09-20 Published:2019-09-20
  • Contact: XU Jintao, E-mail: xujt(at)pku.edu.cn

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摘要：

利用1998—2006年中国规模以上工业企业数据和县级社会经济数据, 构造面板双重差分模型, 考察“两控区”环境规制政策对水污染企业的影响。研究发现, “两控区”政策对水污染企业产生显著的冲击, 使得水污染企业的产值增长率减少, 新建企业数量和企业存量的增长率也显著下降; “两控区”政策对水污染企业的冲击具有持续性; 相比而言, 经济发达地区的水污染企业受到的影响更大。进一步分析影响政策效果的初始因素, 发现政策开始前教育水平高、人口密度大、平均工资高以及二产占比大的地区, “两控区”政策效果更明显。基于上述结果, 认为“两控区”政策能抑制污染加剧, 其经济代价体现在增加水污染企业负担, 减缓水污染企业产值增长率。污染减少带来的社会福利增加以及企业产值增长速度减缓对社会福利的减少, 二者的相对大小需进一步评估。

关键词: 环境规制, “两控区”政策, 水污染企业, 面板双重差分模型

Abstract:

Based on the data of the Annual Census of Enterprises and social-economic data of counties, this article constructs a panel-DID model to investigate the impact of “Two Control Zones” policy on enterprises that discharge water pollution in China. It is found that the “Two Control Zones” policy has a significant impact on water pollution enterprises, resulting in a significant decline in the growth rates of output, newly-built enterprises and the number of existing enterprises in all counties. Moreover, the impact of the “Two Control Zones” policy on enterprises that discharge water pollution is continuous. In the face of the impact of the “Two Control Zones” policy, enterprises that discharge water pollution located in economically developed areas are more affected. When analyzing the initial factors affecting the effect of the policy, it is found that the effect of the “Two Control Zones” policy is more prominent in areas with high education level, high population density, high average wage and large proportion of the secondary industry. Based on the above conclusions, this article holds that the policy of “Two Control Zones” has restrained the aggravation of pollution, and its economic cost is reflected in increasing the burden of water pollution enterprises and slowing down the growth rate of output. However, the magnitude of the increase in social welfare brought about by the reduction of pollution and the slowdown in the growth of enterprise output need to be further assessed.

Key words: environmental regulation, “Two Control Zones” policy, water pollution enterprises, panel-DID model

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