流体饱和储层砂岩超声波纵波速度频散的定量预测

doi:10.13209/j.0479-8023.2017.053

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对岩芯的实验室超声波测试速度由于频散误差而不能直接用于涠西南凹陷声波测井速度标定的问题, 利用涠三段5块不同物性的储层砂岩, 通过比较盐水和4种不同密度油作为孔隙流体时的饱和岩样超声波纵波速度变化, 优化和完善速度频散机制分析流程, 提出和验证样品被喷射流机制统治时的非弛豫湿骨架模量与高压情况下的干骨架模量相当的假设, 并探索出一种BISQ理论特征喷射流长度（R）的估计方法。最后建立对涠三段储层砂岩的纵波速度频散进行全频带定量预测的方法, 从而能够确定速度频散的机制和大小。通过提出的全频带速度频散预测公式, 可将实验室的超声波测试速度校正到不同频率条件, 在实际应用中满足测井(中频带)和勘探地震(低频带)的岩石物理分析需求, 具有一定实践意义。

关键词: 储层砂岩, 流体黏度, 超声波, 速度频散, 定量预测

Abstract:

Due to the velocity dispersion error, the laboratory ultrasonic velocity measurement of core samples cannot be directly used to calibrate the acoustic well logging velocity of reservoir in Southwest Weizhou depression. The further work of data processing and analysis for the ultrasonic velocity dispersion were conducted for 5 representative sandstone samples of W3 reservoir. By comparing the compressive velocities of sandstone samples saturated with the brine and four oils of different densities, the method and process of velocity dispersion mechanism analysis were greatly improved. The assumption was proposed and verified that the modulus of non-relaxation wet solid frame was equivalent with the one of dry frame under high pressure condition when the sandstone samples were ruled by squirt flow mechanism. The estimation method of R value, which was the critical squirt length of BISQ theory, was also proposed and verified. Then, the method to quantitatively predict the P-wave velocity dispersion of W3 reservoir sandstones in full waveband was accomplished. Finally it is concluded that the mechanism and degree of velocity dispersion depend on both the physical properties (porosity and permeability) of samples and the kinematic viscosity of pore fluids. Using the velocity dispersion prediction formula for full waveband, the ultrasonic velocity measured in laboratory (high frequency band) can be corrected to different frequency, and then meet the demands of rock physics analysis for well logging (medium frequency band) and exploration seismology (low frequency band). Thus, the complete technique for velocity dispersion analysis and prediction has certain practical meaning.

Key words: reservoir sandstone, fluid viscosity, ultrasonic, velocity dispersion, quantitative prediction

刘照, 何涛, 杨志强, 邹长春, 任科英. 流体饱和储层砂岩超声波纵波速度频散的定量预测[J]. 北京大学学报自然科学版, 2017, 53(6): 1031-1041.

Zhao LIU, Tao HE, Zhiqiang YANG, Changchun ZOU, Keying REN. The Quantitative Prediction of Ultrasonic Compressive Wave Velocity Dispersion for Fluid Saturated Reservoir Sandstone[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2017, 53(6): 1031-1041.

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链接本文: https://xbna.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.13209/j.0479-8023.2017.053

https://xbna.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2017/V53/I6/1031

图/表 10

参考文献 31

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样品号	井号	深度/m	压差/MPa	孔隙度/%	渗透率/md		矿物含量/%
样品号	井号	深度/m	压差/MPa	孔隙度/%	渗透率/md		石英		长石		黏土		方解石	白云石
W3-1	WZ6-9-1	2508.60	31.1	18.45	44.620		≈85		≈10		<5		<0.1	0
W3-7	WZ12-1-2B	2347.17	28.7	16.46	3.872		≈87		≈5		<5		≈1.5	≈1.5
W3-10	WZ12-1-4	2478.35	30.7	13.55	2.495		≈80		≈15		≈1		<4	0
W3-11	WZ12-1-4	2658.33	33.5	17.87	63.552		≈85		≈10		<5		<0.1	0
W3-13	WZ11-4N-2	1868.60	21.6	23.73	424.20		≈75		≈10		<15		<0.1	0
样品号	ρ_s/(g ∙ cm^-3)	K_s/GPa	G_s/GPa	ρ_dry/(g ∙ cm^-3)		V_p,dry/(m ∙ s^-1)		V_s,dry/(m ∙ s^-1)		γ		粒径/mm			R/mm
W3-1	2.6445	38.0036	38.1724	2.10		3980.0		2537.0		0.0057		0.13~0.25			0.300
W3-7	2.6497	37.6080	39.1073	2.13		3699.0		2362.5		0.0055		0.07~0.20			0.090
W3-10	2.6487	41.3590	39.7104	2.24		3875.0		2563.5		0.0037		0.10~0.25			0.090
W3-11	2.6445	38.0036	38.1724	2.05		3833.0		2503.0		0.0057		0.25~0.50			0.300
W3-13	2.6375	35.8677	31.5108	1.86		3388.0		2177.5		0.0116		0.25~1.00			0.355

样品号	井号	深度/m	压差/MPa	孔隙度/%	渗透率/md		矿物含量/%
样品号	井号	深度/m	压差/MPa	孔隙度/%	渗透率/md		石英		长石		黏土		方解石	白云石
W3-1	WZ6-9-1	2508.60	31.1	18.45	44.620		≈85		≈10		<5		<0.1	0
W3-7	WZ12-1-2B	2347.17	28.7	16.46	3.872		≈87		≈5		<5		≈1.5	≈1.5
W3-10	WZ12-1-4	2478.35	30.7	13.55	2.495		≈80		≈15		≈1		<4	0
W3-11	WZ12-1-4	2658.33	33.5	17.87	63.552		≈85		≈10		<5		<0.1	0
W3-13	WZ11-4N-2	1868.60	21.6	23.73	424.20		≈75		≈10		<15		<0.1	0
样品号	ρ_s/(g ∙ cm^-3)	K_s/GPa	G_s/GPa	ρ_dry/(g ∙ cm^-3)		V_p,dry/(m ∙ s^-1)		V_s,dry/(m ∙ s^-1)		γ		粒径/mm			R/mm
W3-1	2.6445	38.0036	38.1724	2.10		3980.0		2537.0		0.0057		0.13~0.25			0.300
W3-7	2.6497	37.6080	39.1073	2.13		3699.0		2362.5		0.0055		0.07~0.20			0.090
W3-10	2.6487	41.3590	39.7104	2.24		3875.0		2563.5		0.0037		0.10~0.25			0.090
W3-11	2.6445	38.0036	38.1724	2.05		3833.0		2503.0		0.0057		0.25~0.50			0.300
W3-13	2.6375	35.8677	31.5108	1.86		3388.0		2177.5		0.0116		0.25~1.00			0.355

孔隙流体		T/°C	ρ_f /(g ∙ cm^-3)	K_f /GPa	η/(mPa ∙ s)
代号	名称	T/°C	ρ_f /(g ∙ cm^-3)	K_f /GPa	η/(mPa ∙ s)
W	卤水	15.0	1.0158	2.2698	1.140
Oa	石脑油	15.0	0.6910	0.9982	0.972
Ob	混合油^*	16.0	0.7490	1.2097	1.010
Oc	白油	17.0	0.8340	1.5741	26.500
Od	液压油	25.2	0.8672	1.6850	39.820
		28.0	0.8651	1.6561	30.400
		50.0	0.8483	1.4385	7.880
		74.0	0.8297	1.2216	3.640
		90.0	0.8172	1.0888	2.575

孔隙流体		T/°C	ρ_f /(g ∙ cm^-3)	K_f /GPa	η/(mPa ∙ s)
代号	名称	T/°C	ρ_f /(g ∙ cm^-3)	K_f /GPa	η/(mPa ∙ s)
W	卤水	15.0	1.0158	2.2698	1.140
Oa	石脑油	15.0	0.6910	0.9982	0.972
Ob	混合油^*	16.0	0.7490	1.2097	1.010
Oc	白油	17.0	0.8340	1.5741	26.500
Od	液压油	25.2	0.8672	1.6850	39.820
		28.0	0.8651	1.6561	30.400
		50.0	0.8483	1.4385	7.880
		74.0	0.8297	1.2216	3.640
		90.0	0.8172	1.0888	2.575

a	b	取值条件
9	4	渗透率中等以上(W3-1, W3-11, W3-13)
6	2	渗透率差, 但孔隙度相对较好(W3-7)
2	2	渗透率、孔隙度都差(W3-10)