To better regulate and manage flood risk, the supply of ecosystem flood regulation service was evaluated through the SCS-CN model, and the demand of ecosystem flood regulation service was calculated as flood inundation amount through the FloodArea model in Lan County, Shanxi Province. Meanwhile, flood risk zoning was conducted by combining with population distribution. The results are as follows. 1) The supply mount of ecosystem flood regulation service of 5-year, 10-year and 25-year return period flood presented an increasing trend. However, the supply amount for the 10-year return period flood was lower than that for the 5-year by 33.05%, mainly due to the difference in soil moisture. 2) The demand amount of ecosystem flood regulation service of 5-year, 10-year and 25-year return period flood increased gradually. When one 5-year return period flood and one 10-year return period flood occurred consecutively, the flood risk arose principally from the increase in submerged depth. 3) The unbalanced supply-demand area of ecosystem flood regulation service of 10-year return period flood was far larger than those of 5-year and 25-year return period flood, which indicates that the ecosystem flood regulation service supply was not enough to cope with the situation of small and moderate flood occurred in succession. The unbalanced supply-demand area of 5-year and 25-year return period flood was affected principally by elevation and land use, while that of 10-year return period flood was influenced mainly by precipitation. 4) The high priority area of 5-year, 10-year and 25-year return period flood was distributed merely in Dongcun Town, whereas priority area and second-dary priority area were distributed in accordance with the unbalanced supply-demand area of ecosystem flood regulation service. The results can provide theoretical basis for ecosystem service management and flood risk management. 

Based on the precipitation data of April over Shanxi Province from 1981 to 2023, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature data, the characteristics and causes of precipitation anomaly over Shanxi Province in April 2023 were summarized and discussed by using empirical orthogonal function decomposition, regression analysis, composite analysis and correlation analysis. The results show that the precipitation over Shanxi Province in April 2023 is 204.4% more than that in the same period of normal years, which is the highest amout in the same period since 1961. The precipitation anomaly is closely related to the atmospheric circulation anomaly caused by the external forcing factor of sea surface temperature. The “− + −” abnormal distribution of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature from north to south in the late winter (January–February) is conducive to the strengthening and maintenance of the “− + − +” abnormal wave train of the 500 hPa geopotential height field from the North Atlantic to East Asia in April, and the convergence of water vapor at 850 hPa to Shanxi. This favorable high-low circulation configuration is the main reason for the abnormal precipitation over Shanxi Province in April 2023. 

Taking Pinglu Swan Scenic Spot as an example, the supply-demand relationship of cultural ecosystem service (CES) was assessed. The supply of CES was rated by the annual capacity of tourist reception, and the demand was calculated through importance value acquired by questionnaire. The results were showed as follows. 1) The overall demand of CES was positively correlated with GDP per square kilometre and population density, meanwhile it was also related to the understanding of CES. However, it had no relevance to distance. Owing to continuous loss of biodiversity from global climate change and human activities, the demand for bird-watching service, aesthetic value and existence value were relatively high, which suggested that people attached much importance to the biodiversity conservation. 2) The supply capacity of CES of Pinglu Swan Scenic Spot was generally higher than the overall demand, so the demand was the chief factor that affected the supply-demand relationship. The supply-demand matched areas were distributed in Xi’an City and Zhengzhou City, while the other 13 cities demonstrated a mismatched relationship. Enhancing the propoganda and education, as well as improving traffic service of Pinglu Swan Scenic Spot will raise demand so as to narrow disparities between supply and demand of CES. The results provide data support for environmental planning and management of wetland resources. 

To provide genetic tools for individual identification of the masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) through DNA analysis, we selected a tissue sample from Laohegou Nature Reserve in Sichuan for constructing microsatellite library by FIASCO. Altogether 250 clones were sequenced and 147 sequences were found containing microsatellite motifs, in which there were 42 sequences with >10 motif repeats. Primer pairs were designed based on these 42 sequences. Through tests for amplification and polymorphism using additional 21 samples of masked palm civets, 5 polymorphic microsatellite markers were obtained. In the meantime, 13 microsatellite markers published previously were tested for the masked palm civet, and found 5 of them polymorphic. Collectively, these 10 markers showed relatively high polymorphism (number of alleles was 2–11, observed heterozygosity was 0.286–0.737, and expected heterozygosity was 0.358–0.906). The values of PID and PID-sib indicated that there would be individuals with completely identical genotypes in about 10⁹ unrelated individuals or 10⁴ related individuals. As the size of wild populations in a particular region was greatly lower than this number, these 10 microsatellite markers were sufficient for individual identification for the masked palm civet.