Sea-Level Fluctuations in the Tremadocian of the Ordovician in the Upper Yangtze Region of South China

doi:10.13209/j.0479-8023.2016.123

Abstract

Abstract:

Four Tremadocianian sections of the Upper Yangtze Region of South China are intensively studied for biostratigraphical division and correlation. Based on the analysis of lithofacies, lithofacies associations, and facies successions, the detailed sea level curves of Tremadocian are revealed. Ten lithofacies which are grouped into three lithofacies associations deposited in the shallow subtidal, deep subtidal and shale basin zones. At least five major transgression events are recognized from each section in early TS.1a, late TS.1a, early TS.1c, late TS.1c and late TS.1d. The most major transgression event occurred in early TS.1c. Compared with other paleoplates, eustatic sea level changes might be the major controlling factor for the sea level fluctuations of the Upper Yangtze Region of South China.

Key words: Tremadocian, Upper Yangtze Region, sea level changes

摘要：

在较为精细的生物地层学研究基础上, 对位于华南上扬子区 4 条剖面的沉积相组合以及沉积相序列进行分析, 建立上扬子区特马豆克期高分辨率相对海平面变化曲线。识别出 10 个沉积相, 划分出 3 个沉积相组合, 分别沉积于浅潮下带、深潮下带和页岩盆地带; 识别出 5 次重要的海侵事件, 分别发生在 TS.1a 早期、TS.1a 晚期、TS.1c 早期、TS.1c 晚期和TS.1d 晚期, 其中 TS.1c 早期的海侵为特马豆克期最大海侵事件。通过与其他板块海平面变化曲线的对比, 发现上扬子区海平面变化主要受全球海平面变化的控制。

关键词: 特马豆克, 上扬子区, 海平面变化

CLC Number:

P539

Yongchao SUN, Jianbo LIU. Sea-Level Fluctuations in the Tremadocian of the Ordovician in the Upper Yangtze Region of South China[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2017, 53(1): 66-80.

孙永超, 刘建波. 华南上扬子区奥陶纪特马豆克阶的海平面变化[J]. 北京大学学报自然科学版, 2017, 53(1): 66-80.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 Paleogeographic map of the Yangtze Platform during Tremadocianian and localities of the studied sections are indexed (after Ref. [6])

Fig. 2 Field views of the lithofacies and lithofacies associations of the Tremadocian on the Upper Yangtze Region

Fig. 3 Biostratigraphic framework of the Tremadocian at the studied sections

Fig. 4 Photographs of slabs and thin-sections of the Tremadocian on the Upper Yangtze Region

Fig. 5 Photographs of sedimentary structures of the Tremadocian on the Upper Yangtze Region

Fig. 6 Photographs of thin-sections of the Tremadocian on the Upper Yangtze Region

Fig. 7 Sedimentary model for lithofacies distribution on a carbonate ramp

Fig. 8 Lithofacies changes and relative sea-level fluctuations in the Tremadocian on the Upper Yangtze Region

Fig. 9 Relative sea-level fluctuations in the Tremadocianon the Upper Yangtze Region

Fig. 10 Comparison of the Tremadocian relative sea-level fluctuations between the Upper Yangtze Region and other paleoplates

References 55

[1]	Cooper R A, Nowlan G S, Williams S H. Global stratotype section and point for the base of the Ordovician System. Episodes, 2001, 24(1): 19‒28
[2]	冯增昭, 彭勇民, 金振奎, 等. 中国南方早奥陶世岩相古地理. 古地理学报, 2001, 3(2): 11‒22
[3]	冯增昭, 彭勇民, 金振奎, 等. 中国早奥陶世岩相古地理. 古地理学报, 2003, 5(1): 1‒16
[4]	梅冥相. 贵州及邻区奥陶纪桐梓期岩相古地理特征. 贵州地质, 1989, 6(3): 217‒226
[5]	梅冥相. 上杨子区奥陶纪桐梓期的白云岩成因. 贵州工学院学报, 1989, 18(1): 34‒39
[6]	马永生, 陈洪德, 王国力, 等. 中国南方层序地层与古地理学. 北京: 地质出版社, 2009
[7]	安太庠. 中国南部早古生代牙形石.北京: 北京大学出版社, 1987
[8]	张元动, 王志浩, 冯洪真, 等. 中国特马豆克阶笔石地层述评. 地层学杂志, 2005, 29(1): 215‒235
[9]	陈旭, 戎嘉余, 汪啸风, 等. 中国奥陶纪生物地层学研究的新进展. 地层学杂志, 1993, 17(2): 89‒99
[10]	詹仁斌, 戎嘉余, 程金辉, 等. 华南早、中奥陶世腕足动物多样性初探. 中国科学: D辑, 2004, 34(10): 896‒907
[11]	陈均远. 奥陶纪头足类壳体的水深学信息及海平面位置年代学的初探. 古生物学报, 1988, 27(3): 331‒345
[12]	汪啸风, 陈孝红. 中国奥陶纪几丁虫的多样性事件. 中国科学: D辑, 2003, 33(3): 210‒215
[13]	Barnes C R, Fortey R A, Williams S H. The pattern of global bio-events during the Ordovician Periods // Walliser O H. Global events and event stratigraphy in the phanerozoic. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996: 137‒172
[14]	Ross J R P, Ross C A. Ordovician sea-level fluctua- tions // Webby B D, Laurie J R. Global perspectives on ordovician geology. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1992: 327‒335
[15]	Carrera M G, Rigby J K.Sponges // Webby B D, Paris F, Droser M L, et al. The Great Ordovician Biodiver-sification Event. Ne. York: Columbia University Press, 2004: 102‒111
[16]	王传尚, 汪啸风, 陈孝红. 奥陶纪笔石体的复杂化及其与海平面变化的关系. 华南地质与矿产, 2000(1): 11‒15
[17]	燕夔, 李军, 刘建波.华南早‒中奥陶世疑源类生物多样性与海平面变化. 科学通报, 2005, 50(18): 1989‒1995
[18]	刘建波. 华南早‒中奥陶世生物大辐射期间的海平面变 // 戎嘉余, 方宗杰, 周忠和, 等. 生物的起源、辐射与多样性演变: 华夏化石记录的启示. 北京: 科学出版社, 2006: 335-360
[19]	房亮, 刘建波, 詹仁斌. 寒武纪‒奥陶纪管状岩的盛衰及其与环境演变的协同. 中国科学: D辑, 2012, 42(1): 117‒129
[20]	Nielsen A T.Ordovician sea level changes: a baltoscandian perspective // Webby B D, Paris F, Droser M L, et al. The Great Ordovician Biodiver-sification Event. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004: 84‒93
[21]	Webby B D, Cooper R A, Bergström S M, et al.Stratigraphic framework and time slices // Webby B D, Paris F, Droser M L, et al. The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004: 41‒47
[22]	陈旭, 丘金玉. 宜昌奥陶纪的古环境演变. 地层学杂志, 1986, 10(1): 1‒17
[23]	曾庆銮. 峡东地区奥陶纪腕足类群落与海平面升降变化. 中国地质科学院宜昌地质矿产研究所文集, 1991(16): 19‒41
[24]	汪啸风, 李志明, 陈建强, 等, 华南早奥陶世海平面变化及其对比. 华南地质与矿产, 1996(3): 1‒11
[25]	苏文博. 上扬子地台东南缘奥陶纪层序地层学及海平面变化研究. 北京: 地质出版社, 2001
[26]	Su W.Ordovician sea-level changes: evidence from the Yangtze Platform. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2007, 46(suppl 1): 471-476
[27]	Fan R, Lu Y Z, Zhang X, et al. Conodonts from the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary interval in the southeast margin of the Sichuan Basin, China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2013, 64(1): 115‒124
[28]	樊茹, 卢远征, 张学磊, 等. 贵州习水奥陶纪牙形石生物地层. 地层学杂志, 2015, 39(1): 16‒32
[29]	廖瀚卿, 刘建波, 吴荣昌, 等. 华南上扬子区下奥陶统红花园组顶界的穿时性. 古生物学报, 2013, 52(1): 18‒34
[30]	刘治成, 张廷山, 完颜祺琪, 等. 贵州习水地区奥陶系露头层序地层研究. 西南石油大学学报: 自然科学版, 2012, 34(4): 1‒12
[31]	穆恩之, 朱兆玲, 陈均远, 等. 中国西南的奥陶纪. 北京: 科学出版社, 1979: 39‒220
[32]	汪啸风. 中国的奥陶系, 地质学报, 1980, 54(1): 1‒12
[33]	曾庆銮, 倪世钊, 徐光洪, 等. 长江三峡东部地区奥陶系划分与对比. 中国地质科学院宜昌地质矿产研究所文集, 1983(6): 1‒68
[34]	苏文博, 李志明, 陈建强, 等. 海平面变化全球可比性的可靠例证: 上扬子地台东南缘奥陶纪层序地层及海平面变化研究. 沉积学报, 1999, 17(3): 345‒353
[35]	张俊明, 孙晓文, 李国祥, 等. 湘鄂地区晚寒武世末至早奥陶世特马豆克期层序地层与岩相古地理. 古地理学报, 2000, 2(3): 16‒26
[36]	肖传桃, 朱忠德, 李相明. 中扬子台地下奥陶统含礁层系层序地层研究. 中国地质, 2003, 30(3): 274‒280
[37]	Liu J, Dai X, Liao H, et al. Demise of early Ordovician oolites in South China: evidence for paleoceanographic changes before the GOBE // Gutiérrez-Marco J C, Rábano I, García-Bellido D. Ordovician of the world. Madrid: Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 2011, 309‒317
[38]	丁娜, 刘建波, 詹仁斌. 奥陶纪棘皮动物骨骼地球化学特征指示股海水Mg/Ca比的可靠性分析. 科学通报, 2014, 59(10): 924‒935
[39]	赖才根, 齐敦伦. 湘西北奥陶纪头足类 // 中国地质科学院地层古生物论文集编委会. 地层古生物论文集. 北京: 地质出版社, 1977: 1‒88
[40]	陈英华, 姬再良. 湘西中‒晚奥陶世地层及其牙形石动物群. 中国地质科学院562综合大队集刊, 1987(6): 139‒154
[41]	姬再良. 湘西中‒晚奥陶世的几个三叶虫. 地层古生物论文集, 1987(17): 247‒256
[42]	李光, 吴庆波. 湘西北早奥陶世南津关组生物丘(礁)及其形成环境. 地层学杂志, 2001, 25(1): 48‒50
[43]	Gradstein F M, Ogg J G, Schmita M D, et al. The geologic time scale 2012. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2012: 489‒524
[44]	Mount J F. Mixing of siliciclastics and carbonate sediments in shallow shelf environments. Geology, 1984, 12: 432‒435
[45]	Mount J F. Mixed siliciclastic and carbonate sedi-ments: a proposed first-order textural and composi-tional classification. Sedimentology, 1985, 32: 435‒ 442
[46]	Dunham R J. Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture // Ham W E. Classification of carbonate rocks. Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 1962: 108‒121
[47]	冯增昭. 碳酸盐岩岩相古地理学. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1989
[48]	Osleger D A, Read J F. Comparative analysis of methods used to define eustatic variations in outcrop: Late Cambrian interbasinal sequence developments. American Journal of Science, 1993, 293(3): 157‒216
[49]	Wilson J E.Carbonate facies in geologic history. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1975
[50]	Hine A C, Wilber R J, Neumann A C. Carbonate sand-bodies along contrasting shallow-bank margins facing open seaways, northern Bahamas. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1981, 65: 261‒290
[51]	Gawthorpe R L. Sedimentation during carbonate ramp-to-slope evolution in a tectonically active area: Bowland Basin (Dinantian), North England. Sedimen-tology, 1986, 33: 185‒206
[52]	Liu Jianbo, Zhan Renbin. Temporal distribution of diagnostic biofabrics in the Lower and Middle Ordovician in North China: clues to the geobiology of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2009, 83(3): 513‒523
[53]	Ross C A, Ross J R P. North American depositional sequences and correlations // Cooper J D, Droser M L, Finney S C. Ordovician Odyssey: Proceedings of 7th International Symposium on the Ordovician System, Paciﬁc Section. Fullerton: SEPM, 1995: 309-313
[54]	Woodcock N H.Sequence stratigraphy of the Palaeozoic Welsh Basin. Journal ofthe Geological Society of London, 1990, 147(1): 537-547
[55]	Kanygin A, Dronov A, Timokhin A, et al.Deposi-tional sequences and palaeoceanographic change in the Ordovician of the Siberian craton. Palaeogeogra-phy, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2010, 296(1): 285-296