Abstract: The temporal and spatial changes of crop diseases and insect pests were investigated based on the statistic data of occurrence area as well as planted crop areas data during the last 20 years in China. Meanwhile, the relationship between crop diseases and insect pests’ occurrence and climate were examined in this paper. Results showed that the trends of crop diseases and insect pests’ occurrence area and rate significantly increased by 8.52×10⁶ (hm²·time)/a and 0.05%/a, respectively (p<0.01). Spatially, Shandong and Henan had the largest planted crop area and occurrence area, whose occurrence area both reached more than 3.0×10⁸ hm²·time. Twenty-two years averaged, crop diseases and insect pests occurred all over the country, but experienced uneven pattern. The most serious province (autonomous region or municipality) is Shanghai, followed by Zhejiang and Jiangsu. Furthermore, the trends of crop diseases and insect pests’ occurrence area rate increased in all of the studied provinces in China. Shanghai (0.17%/a) and Zhejiang (0.12%/a) owned the largest two crop diseases and insect pests’ occurrence area rate, while Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan had the smaller increasing trends. Therefore the increasing trend of crop diseases and insect pests’ occurrence area rate descended from the coast to the inland. Out of the 28 provinces investigated, there were positive correlations between the anomaly of insect pests’ occurrence area rate and the anomaly of mean annual temperature in 25 (89.3%) provinces and were significant positive in 13 (46.4%) provinces (p<0.05), but no significant correlations with that of precipitation in most provinces.

Key words: crop, diseases and insect pests, temporal and spatial variation characteristics, precipitation, temperature

摘要： 基于农作物播种面积和病虫害发生面积的统计数据, 分析我国近20 年来农作物病虫害的时间变化趋势和空间分布特征, 同时探讨农作物病虫害发生与气候因素的关系。结果表明: 在时间序列上, 我国农作物病虫害发生面积和病虫害发生面积率分别以8520.05 千公顷次/年和每年0.05%的速度显著增长(p<0.01); 在空间分布上, 播种面积最大的山东省和河南省, 病虫害发生面积也最大, 发生面积均达到3.0×10⁵ 千公顷次以上; 从病虫害发生面积率来看, 空间分布不均匀, 上海市、浙江省和江苏省的病虫害发生面积率较大, 同时各个省份病虫害发生面积率都呈增加趋势, 其中上海市和浙江省的病虫害发生面积率增加较快, 年增幅分别为0.17%和0.12%, 而内蒙古自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区、甘肃省、青海省、四川省、云南省等地发生面积率增加幅度较小, 这种增加趋势由沿海向内陆递减。与气候因子的相关性分析表明, 89.3%的省份病虫害发生率距平与平均温度距平呈正相关关系, 其中46.4%的省份呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05), 与年降水量距平的相关关系不明显。

关键词: 农作物, 病虫害, 时空变化特征, 降水, 温度