青藏高原高寒草甸土壤物理性质及碳组分对增温和降水改变的响应

doi:10.13209/j.0479-8023.2017.086

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自2011年起, 在青藏高原高寒草甸实施人工模拟增温和降水改变实验, 2013年7月采集实验区土壤样品, 监测土壤物理特性(土壤粒径和pH值)以及碳组分(全碳、有机碳、可提取有机碳、微生物生物量碳)的变化, 得到如下结果。1) 增温显著改变0~20 cm土壤温度和含水量, 增水和减水显著提高和降低0~20 cm土壤含水量, 但不影响土壤温度。2) 在0~10 cm土层深度, 增温显著降低土壤微生物生物量碳; 增水降低土壤可提取有机碳含量, 增加土壤微生物生物量碳; 减水显著增加土壤黏粒比例和可提取有机碳含量, 降低土壤砂粒比例和微生物生物量碳。在10~20 cm土层深度, 增水显著降低土壤可提取有机碳含量。3) 增温和降水改变对土壤测定指标的影响不存在交互作用。4) 主成分分析结果表明, 土壤总体格局发生趋同主要是因为降水改变, 而不是增温。结果表明, 在未来青藏高原高寒草甸降水持续增加的情景下, 土壤黏粒比例和可提取有机碳含量的降低可能会进一步对高寒地区的植物生产力以及微生物群落产生重要影响。

关键词: 土壤粒径, 土壤pH, 土壤全碳, 土壤有机碳, 土壤可提取有机碳, 土壤微生物生物量碳

Abstract:

The authors conducted experiments to simulate warming and alter precipitation since 2011, and investigated soil physical properties (soil particle size and pH) and carbon pools (soil total carbon (STC), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil extractable organic carbon (EOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC)) in July 2013. The results showed that warming significantly increased soil temperature and decreased soil moisture at the depths of 0-20 cm, and altered precipitation affected soil moisture at 0-20 cm depth, but had no influence on soil temperature. At the depth of 0-10 cm, warming significantly increased SMBC; increased precipitation significantly reduced EOC content and elevated MBC content; decreased precipitation significantly decreased soil sandy proportion, MBC content and increased soil clay proportion and EOC content. At the depth of 10-20 cm, increased precipitation led a reduction on EOC content. The interactions of warming and altered precipitation on soil indexes were not detected. The pattern of soil properties was changed mainly by altered precipitation, not warming, according to the results of PCA. The results suggest that given precipitation will be continuously increased in the future, increased precipitation may lead a reduction in soil clay proportion and EOC content in the topsoil, and subsequently affect plant primary production and micrbial communities in this region.

Key words: soil particle size, soil pH, soil total carbon, soil organic carbon, soil extractable organic carbon, soil microbial biomass carbon

中图分类号:

S154

杨新宇, 林笠, 李颖, 贺金生. 青藏高原高寒草甸土壤物理性质及碳组分对增温和降水改变的响应[J]. 北京大学学报自然科学版, 2017, 53(4): 765-774.

Xinyu YANG, Li LIN, Ying LI, Jinsheng HE. Effects of Warming and Altered Precipitation on Soil Physical Properties
and Carbon Pools in a Tibetan Alpine Grassland[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2017, 53(4): 765-774.

图/表 6

图1 2011—2013年生长季期间不同深度土层中土壤温度和含水量对增温和降水改变的响应

Fig. 1 Soil temperature and soil moisture at depths of 5 and 10 cm under warming and altered precipitation regimes during the growing seasons from 2011 to 2013

表1 裂区试验分析得到的增温(W)、降水(P)以及土层(L)对土壤指标的影响

Table 1 Summary of split-plot design of the effects of warming (W), altered precipitation (P),layer (L) and their interactions on soil properties

处理	自由度	粉粒		砂粒		黏粒		pH		TC		SOC		EOC		MBC
处理	自由度	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
W	1	1.28	0.27	2.65	0.11	0.53	0.47	0.01	0.93	0.03	0.88	0.05	0.82	2.00	0.17	4.29	0.05^*
P	2	2.90	0.07^†	5.61	0.01^**	5.88	0.01^**	1.36	0.27	0.89	0.42	0.27	0.77	29.86	0.00^**	8.97	0.00^**
Block	1	445.30	0.00^**	172.20	0.00^**	570.40	0.00^**	22.70	0.02^*	165.40	0.00^**	417.50	0.00^**	39.30	0.00^**	451.90	0.00^**
W*P	2	1.39	0.26	1.82	0.18	0.36	0.70	0.92	0.41	1.62	0.22	0.89	0.42	1.13	0.34	0.74	0.49
W*L	1	0.00	0.97	0.01	0.94	0.01	0.94	0.05	0.83	0.07	0.79	0.40	0.53	0.80	0.38	1.77	0.19
P*L	2	0.15	0.86	0.84	0.44	0.37	0.69	2.04	0.15	0.72	0.50	0.17	0.84	0.61	0.55	3.48	0.04^*
WPL	2	0.09	0.92	1.05	0.36	0.58	0.57	1.79	0.19	0.20	0.82	0.01	0.99	0.04	0.96	0.46	0.64

图2 0~10 cm土层深度, 土壤砂粒比例、黏粒比例、可提取有机碳以及微生物生物量碳对增温和降水改变的响应

Fig. 2 Soil sandy proportion, clay proportion, dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon at depths of 0-10 cm under warming and altered precipitation regimes

表2 在不同土壤深度, 采用双因素方差分析研究增温(W)和降水(P)对土壤指标的影响

Table 2 Summary of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the effects of warming (W), altered precipitation (P) and their interactions on soil properties

深度/cm	因素	自由度	粉粒		砂粒		黏粒		pH		TC		SOC		EOC		MBC
深度/cm	因素	自由度	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
0~10	W	1	1.05	0.32	1.41	0.81	0.39	0.54	0.04	0.85	0.01	0.94	0.05	0.82	0.18	0.68	6.49	0.02^*
	P	2	1.83	0.19	6.02	0.01^*	7.79	0.00^**	2.45	0.12	0.37	0.70	0.18	0.84	24.08	0.00^**	13.13	0.00^**
	W*P	2	0.62	0.55	1.79	0.20	1.32	0.30	1.97	0.17	0.27	0.77	0.38	0.69	0.50	0.62	0.80	0.47
10~20	W	1	0.45	0.51	1.27	0.28	0.22	0.64	0.01	0.91	0.13	0.73	0.71	0.41	2.14	0.16	0.25	0.63
	P	2	1.38	0.28	1.15	0.34	1.31	0.30	0.17	0.84	1.59	0.24	0.33	0.73	9.92	0.00^**	0.67	0.53
	W*P	2	0.80	0.47	1.17	0.34	0.14	0.87	0.11	0.90	2.05	0.16	0.67	0.53	0.64	0.54	0.66	0.66

图3 10~20 cm 土层深度, 土壤可提取有机碳对增温和降水改变的响应

Fig. 3 Soil extractable organic carbon at depths of 10-20 cm under warming and altered precipitation regimes

图4 0~10 cm土层深度土壤理化性质主成分分析

Fig. 4 Ordination plot of principal components analysis (PCA) of six properties at depth of 0-10 cm across treatment

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