2000—2014年呼伦贝尔草原植被覆盖度时空变化分析

doi:10.13209/j.0479-8023.2016.124

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以呼伦贝尔草原核心区的新巴尔虎右旗、新巴尔虎左旗、陈巴尔虎旗和鄂温克族自治旗为主要研究区, 基于 MODIS NDVI 数据, 利用像元二分模型反演得到植被覆盖度, 并结合土地覆盖分类产品, 构建2000—2014年研究区植被覆盖度时间序列。通过时间序列分析, 从不同的时间和空间尺度分析草原植被覆盖度的变化规律; 同时引入覆盖度异常变化点检测算法, 并结合该地区同期气象数据, 进一步探讨研究区植被覆盖度变化与气象因子之间的内在驱动力关系。结果表明, 植被覆盖度在空间分布上主要表现为: 从东往西依次递减, 特别是研究区西南部, 覆盖度最低15 年来研究区植被年际变化总体上呈现前 10 年下降、后5年缓慢上升的趋势。对植被覆盖度的异常变化进行分析, 结果显示: 返青期和枯萎期覆盖度的剧烈变化与温度的相关性较大, 生长旺季内(7—8)月覆盖度的剧烈变化主要与降水量有关。

关键词: 呼伦贝尔草原, 像元二分模型, 植被覆盖度(FVC), 时间序列, 气象因子, 植被时序变化点检测算法, 相关性

Abstract:

As the core components of Hulunbuir Steppe, Xinbaerhuyouqi, Xinbaerhuzuoqi, Chenbaerhuqi, and Ewenkezuzizhiqi were selected as the key study area. Pixel decomposition model was introduced to retrieve the fraction of vegetation coverage (FVC) utilizing the MODIS NDVI data set, and the time series of vegetation coverage was reconstructed. Then, the temporal-spatial changes of FVC time series for study region over the 15-year period from 2000 to 2014 were analyzed. Especially, the algorithm of checking abnormal-point was also introduced, combining the same period of meteorological data of this area to investigate the interior driving forces between FVC and meteorological factors. The FVC distribution of 2014 showed that the higher level vegetation coverage mainly distributed in the east of study area; on the contrary, the lower level of that mainly distributed in the west of study area. Especially, the lowest vegetation coverage existed in the southwest of the study area. Further study of FVC changes showed that the vegetation coverage of whole study area decreased in the first 10 years, while that increased slowly in the latter 5 years. Additionally, the abnormal points which occurred in green-up and green-end periods had much more significant correlation with temperature; while the abnormal points which occurred from July to August strongly correlated with precipitation.

Key words: Hulunbuir Steppe, pixel decomposition model, vegetation coverage (FVC), time-series, climatic factors, changed points checking algorithm of vegetation time series, correlation

彭飞, 范闻捷, 徐希孺, 刘星. 2000—2014年呼伦贝尔草原植被覆盖度时空变化分析[J]. 北京大学学报自然科学版, 2017, 53(3): 563-572.

Fei PENG, Wenjie FAN, Xiru XU, Xing LIU. Analysis on Temporal-Spatial Change of Vegetation Coverage in Hulunbuir Steppe (2000‒2014)[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2017, 53(3): 563-572.

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年份	平均降雨量与覆盖度的相关系数				平均温度与覆盖度的相关系数
年份	新巴尔虎右旗	新巴尔虎左旗	陈巴尔虎旗	鄂温克族自治旗	新巴尔虎右旗	新巴尔虎左旗	陈巴尔虎旗	鄂温克族自治旗
2000	0.541	0.365	0.331	0.451	0.411	0.202	0.305	0.340
2001	0.674	0.401	0.387	0.473	0.408	0.287	0.361	0.295
2002	0.506	0.370	0.401	0.355	0.503	0.310	0.279	0.231
2003	0.683	0.450	0.296	0.351	0.458	0.299	0.265	0.220
2004	0.506	0.377	0.244	0.299	0.674	0.221	0.421	0.300
2005	0.721	0.395	0.253	0.386	0.395	0.205	0.233	0.288
2006	0.711	0.561	0.275	0.297	0.408	0.298	0.260	0.254
2007	0.663	0.522	0.285	0.312	0.388	0.277	0.300	0.241
2008	0.592	0.377	0.322	0.341	0.421	0.250	0.277	0.412
2009	0.601	0.291	0.297	0.376	0.450	0.243	0.276	0.387
2010	0.743	0.357	0.368	0.294	0.389	0.300	0.340	0.372
2011	0.495	0.478	0.377	0.410	0.635	0.281	0.298	0.354
2012	0.459	0.441	0.291	0.386	0.650	0.265	0.310	0.440
2013	0.683	0.399	0.394	0.391	0.458	0.233	0.290	0.410
2014	0.621	0.359	0.351	0.401	0.481	0.241	0.287	0.388

年份	平均降雨量与覆盖度的相关系数				平均温度与覆盖度的相关系数
年份	新巴尔虎右旗	新巴尔虎左旗	陈巴尔虎旗	鄂温克族自治旗	新巴尔虎右旗	新巴尔虎左旗	陈巴尔虎旗	鄂温克族自治旗
2000	0.541	0.365	0.331	0.451	0.411	0.202	0.305	0.340
2001	0.674	0.401	0.387	0.473	0.408	0.287	0.361	0.295
2002	0.506	0.370	0.401	0.355	0.503	0.310	0.279	0.231
2003	0.683	0.450	0.296	0.351	0.458	0.299	0.265	0.220
2004	0.506	0.377	0.244	0.299	0.674	0.221	0.421	0.300
2005	0.721	0.395	0.253	0.386	0.395	0.205	0.233	0.288
2006	0.711	0.561	0.275	0.297	0.408	0.298	0.260	0.254
2007	0.663	0.522	0.285	0.312	0.388	0.277	0.300	0.241
2008	0.592	0.377	0.322	0.341	0.421	0.250	0.277	0.412
2009	0.601	0.291	0.297	0.376	0.450	0.243	0.276	0.387
2010	0.743	0.357	0.368	0.294	0.389	0.300	0.340	0.372
2011	0.495	0.478	0.377	0.410	0.635	0.281	0.298	0.354
2012	0.459	0.441	0.291	0.386	0.650	0.265	0.310	0.440
2013	0.683	0.399	0.394	0.391	0.458	0.233	0.290	0.410
2014	0.621	0.359	0.351	0.401	0.481	0.241	0.287	0.388

区域	年份	月份	相关系数
区域	年份	月份	气温	降水
新巴尔虎左旗	2001	4	0.70	0.19
		6	0.54	0.49
		9	0.33	0.75
鄂温克族自治旗	2008	3	0.66	0.28
		8	0.21	0.69
		10	0.78	0.13
	2010	4	0.61	0.11
		6	0.55	0.57
		8	0.10	0.76
陈巴尔虎旗	2008	5	0.63	0.60
		7	0.11	0.75
		8	0.17	0.70
		10	0.91	0.05
	2013	5	0.77	0.09
		7	0.15	0.80
		8	0.08	0.72
新巴尔虎右旗	2001	4	0.57	0.17
		8	0.22	0.61
		9	0.56	0.41

区域	年份	月份	相关系数
区域	年份	月份	气温	降水
新巴尔虎左旗	2001	4	0.70	0.19
		6	0.54	0.49
		9	0.33	0.75
鄂温克族自治旗	2008	3	0.66	0.28
		8	0.21	0.69
		10	0.78	0.13
	2010	4	0.61	0.11
		6	0.55	0.57
		8	0.10	0.76
陈巴尔虎旗	2008	5	0.63	0.60
		7	0.11	0.75
		8	0.17	0.70
		10	0.91	0.05
	2013	5	0.77	0.09
		7	0.15	0.80
		8	0.08	0.72
新巴尔虎右旗	2001	4	0.57	0.17
		8	0.22	0.61
		9	0.56	0.41