Table of Content

20 September 2009, Volume 45 Issue 5

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Analysis of Long-Term Flood Impact on Sustainability

SUN Liying,MAO Xiaoling,HUANG Zheng,LIU Yongwei

2009, 45(5):  875-883. 

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A newindex of long-termflood impact on sustainability (LFIS) was proposed, considering the multiple impact of flood on the complex social-economic-environmental system. This index extended the current economic loss basedflood risk analysis into a more comprehensive perspective. Rapid assessment approach was applied for the evaluation and ranking of LFIS using 2359 counties/cities of mainland China as mapping units. The mainland China was zonedinto five kinds of regions, classified in terms of different grades of LFIS, i.e. very high, high, medium, low and very low. The spatial characteristics of LFIS were discussed for regional, provincial and urban levels. The results are helpful for the decision-making of integrated sustainable flood prevention, mitigation and recovery.

Dynamic Decision-Making under Simulated Realistic Risk Situations

XIE Xiaofei,XIE Jiaqiu,REN Jing,YU Songlin

2009, 45(5):  884-890. 

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This study tested the effects of goal setting, prior gain or loss as well as the distribution of decision reference points (status quo, goal and minimum requirement) on dynamic decision making under risk, by using a four-stage simulated stock investment task. Results indicated that subjects in the“do your best”goal condition made less risky decisions than those in the specific goal condition. Individuals who had gained in the former investment took lower risk than those who had lost previously. The authors also found that minimum requirements had consistently significant effect on the risky decision making, while only in the last phase of investment could the goal-achieving take effect, which was called the“last struggle”effect.

Local Brands Being Merged by Foreign Brands Leadsto Lower Brand Evaluation: The Moderate Effect of Independence

HUANG Yunhui,SHI Junqi

2009, 45(5):  891-896. 

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Usingthe example about “Coke merging Huiyaun”, how mergers and acquisitions between foreign brands and local brands influence the evaluation of the target brand (i.e., the local brand) is examined. The results show that emphasizing the mergers and acquisitions will decreasethe brand attitude and shopping intention. Moreover, individuals’independence moderates the negative effect of the mergers. Only high independent individuals are affected by the mergers. This study extends the findings about howself-construals influence consumer behaviors and shows that when business behaviors are associated withthe self, those behaviors consistent with people’s self-construals are more welcome.

Autobiographical Memories of Shame: A Comparative Study in the Context of Cultural Differences of Self

ZHANG Zhifeng,GAOJun,QIAN Mingyi,WANG Aimin,ZHANG Lili,WANG Zhiyan

2009, 45(5):  897-905. 

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The main objective was to comparethe emotion of shame under Chinese culture and American culture, based on the self theory of Markus and Kitayama. There were 69 Chinese collage students and 65 American collage students involved in this study. Each subject was asked to recall one shameful event he or she experienced. Then based on the theoretical hypothesis and characters of these shameful autobiographical memories, a coding scheme was developed. All autobiographical memories were coded according to the scheme. The main results are as follows: 1) the shameful autobiographical memories of Chinese subjects were more specific than those of the American subjects’; 2) compared with those of the American subjects, Chinese subjects’autobiographical memories contained more interpersonal contents; and 3) compared with the American subjects, Chinese subjects reported more shameful autobiographical memories happened in the period of childhood and adolescence, in the places of school and with teachers’comments on the events.

A Review onthe Global Palaeoproterozoic Positive δ¹³C Excursion: Data Analysis and Matter Comment

GUAN Ping,WANG Yingjia

2009, 45(5):  906-914. 

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Nearly all the literatures about Palaeoproterozoic positive δ¹³C excursion in the carbonate sequences on the earth during 2.20-2.06 Ga, which is called as Lomagundi Event, are reviewed. Hypotheses including biology evolvement, the rise of atmospheric oxygen, the Palaeoproterozoic ice age, super-continent break-up and evaporation, are proposed to interpret the Lomagundi Event in those literatures. Based on statistics of relations between the positive δ¹³C excursion and each geological phenomenon according to the data from those literatures , the authors conclude that those hypotheses are all reasonable, but different importance. The carbon isotope fractionation theory shows that the developing magnitude of buried organic matter will increase carbon isotope ratio of carbonate carbon reservoir. Biology evolvement can raise oxygen amount in atmosphere. Warm environment after the Palaeoproterozoic ice age and Kenorland super-continent break-up can both offer good conditions for biology developing. Thus, these evolutions can increase amount of buried organic matter and then cause positive carbon isotope excursion in carbonate carbon reservoir. Meanwhile, evaporation distributed over the world during the time may also cause positive δ¹³C excursion in local restricted environment, so the authors should research depositional environment case by case when considering the positive δ¹³C excursion. The authors analyzed original data of Mn/Sr, δ¹³Cand δ¹⁸O from North America and Fennoscandian Shield to judge effect of weathering, diagenesis and metamorphismon carbon isotope data of the samples. The result shows δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O data of samples are reduced by weathering in some case.

Time Limitation of Different Stochastic Bistable Switch’s Competitionin Fluctuated Environment

LOU Chunbo,OUYANG Qi

2009, 45(5):  915-918. 

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The authors designed an experiment to verify a new evolutionary theory about how the organisms adopted stochastic environment, which deduced that the organisms optimized their switch rate equaling to the frequency of their environments. This paper is to provide some guidance by simulation before implementing the experiment. First, the authors build a simple model based on the practical experiment, then test the affect of some tunable parameters on competition time and find the best competition strategy. Simulation result indicates that 48 hour is enough to distinguish two species with a set of suitable parameters.

On the Capacity of MIMO Systems with Periodic Feedback

LI Weihua,JIAO Bingli

2009, 45(5):  766-772. 

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The capacity of MIMO (multiple_input_multiple_output) systems with periodic feedback is investigated. Given the feedback capacity constraint in terms of maximum number of feedback bits per block, when the number of CSI(channel state information) quantization bits increases, the quantization error decreases with enhancing the capacity, while the feedback period increases with reducing the capacity. Hence, there exists an optimal number of CSI quantization bits to maxi mize the capacity. The opti mal number of CSI quantization bits is obtained by numerical calculations. Moreover, the numerical results show that the periodic feedback strategy is effective compared to the traditional feedback strategy.

CacheCompress: A Novel Approach for Test Compression for IP Cores

FANG Hao,SONG Xiaodi,CHENG Xu

2009, 45(5):  776-782. 

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A novel test data compression technique named CacheCompress is proposed. Different from the previous static dictionary based techniques, this dictionary is dynamic. During testing the dictionary is accessed by read and write operations and only needs to keep the most frequency used data thus to largely decrease the memory size requirement and eliminate the explicit dictionary initialization step. Experiments show that CacheCompress achieves 30% higher compression ratio than other recent compression schemes while the dictionary size dramatically reduces to 1‰.

An Automatic Approachto On- Demand Resource Management

LIU Zhao,HUANG Gang,ZHANG Ying,MEI Hong

2009, 45(5):  783-790. 

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Managing resources on-demand is appealedin order to ensurethat provided resources not only are enough to meet non-function requirements of services but also contain no redundancy against resource wasting. On-demand resource management can be archived through the collaboration of resource provision and consumption by allocating resource to the optimized system which consumes resource as few as possible. The authors present an automatic approach to on-demand resource management. Resource management tasks including resource allocating and reclaiming are implemented with autonomous control rings driven by two algorithms respectively for resource consumption optimization and dynamic resource provision.

Biomechanical Study of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

ZHAO Xueyan ,HUANG Renhan ,LOU Hangdi ,RONG Qiguo

2009, 45(5):  737-742. 

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A 3D FE model of the human upper airway was established based on CT data, which included upper airway, partitive maxilla, mandible and hyoid. A set of dynamic loads, based on the pressure-time curves in the literature, were exerted on the upper airway. The simulation results reveal that velopharynx is the region that is most prone to collapse, when the obstruction of airflow happens. The lesser dangerous regions are oropharynx and hypopharynx. The upper airway with normal anatomic structure can collapse under abnormal loads. Duringthe obstruction of airflow, the variations of the sagittal diameters are larger than those of the transverse diameters in velopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx. Abnormal anatomic structure is not the necessary factor of OSAS(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome) event.

Wave Propagationin Elastic Square Columns Ⅳ. Effect of Boundary Condition

WEI Jianping

2009, 45(5):  743-747. 

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The physical property of the material, the space structure and the boundary condition are three important parts of the guided-wave system. The effect of the boundary condition in elastic guided-wave systemis discussed. The author finds that the cardinality of the boundary condition set equals the cardinality of the real number set; the boundary equation and the governing equation construct the linear differential expression in Hilbert space, and the spectrums have affine law between two structures which are affine transformation each other. So that if the spectrumand the steady-state response of one structure of the set about affine structures can be solved, the spectrum and the steady-state response of the whole set are obtained simultaneously.

A DNA Algorithmfor Comparative Modeling of Protein Structure

ZHAO Dongming,QIANG Xiaoli,LIU Xiangrong

2009, 45(5):  748-752. 

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A new algorithm?DNA computing is introduced into protein structure predication. A DNA computing method of comparative model of protein structure is proposed when the similarity is lowbetween the protein structure andthe templates. Each possible conformation of residue represents a strand of DNA sequence. In this way, a problem of protein prediction is transformed into an edge-weighted MWCP(maximal weight clique problem). A DNA algorithmis proposed using the DNA computing model of MWCP. The efficiency is proved by simulation result.

A Novel Evaluating Algorithmover XML Pub/Sub Systems

LI Yongfeng

2009, 45(5):  759-765. 

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A new method to efficiently evaluate XPath over XML documents streams is proposed. The FA (finite automata)-based index structure is designed to boost the evaluation, according to the semantic features of XPath. To overcomethe cache miss when accessingthe hash table, a software-prefetching algorithm which can achieve great speedup for the accesses of hash table is proposed. A thorough experimental study shows that proposed system can deal with workloads containing millions of XPath subscriptions efficiently.

Properties of Multi-Lambda Hypernuclei

LvHongfeng,ZHANG Shuangquan,LI Zhipan

2009, 45(5):  753-758. 

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Properties of multi-Lambda Ca hypernuclei are studied in the relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov theory. The binding energy per baryon and the hyperon radius are found to change smoothly with the increasing of hyperon number. An obviously reversed arrangement of hyperonic states 2s_1/2 and 1d_5/2 are found,e.g.,in 50 ⁵⁰_10ΛCa. The predicted drip-line hypernuclei from proton-rich side and constant nucleon number side are respectively ⁴⁰_6ΛCa and ⁶⁶_22ΛCa.

MMSE Turbo Equalization with Partial Prior Information

ZHANG Lei,CHENG Haichuan,CHENG Yuxin,JANG Wei,XIANG Haige

2009, 45(5):  773-775. 

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In order to improve the performance of the MMSE (minimum mean squared error) turbo equalizer further, the MMSE turbo equalization with partial prior information is proposed. The partial prior information equals to the sumof the whole extrinsic information and the partial prior information of the MAP(maximum a posteriori probability) decoder. The simulation results show that the performance of the MMSE turbo equalizer with partial prior information is much better than the performance of the conventional MMSE turbo equalization and is very close to the performance of the MAPturbo equalizer which is the optimal turbo equalizer for minimizing the bit error rate (BER) and the frame error rate (FER).

Stereo Matching by Incorporating Depth Cues

MA Xiangyin,ZHA Hongbin

2009, 45(5):  791-797. 

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Focusing on scenes of outdoor buildings, the authors present graph-based stereo matching methods that incorporate depth cues to acquire more accurate disparity maps. Firstly, given a portion of scan data, planar disparity layers, which correspond to 3D planes, are precisely extracted to compose the label set. After that, the graph-based matching algorithmcan be formulated in the color segment domain instead of pixel domain. Furthermore,in order to avoid the inconvenient scanning for every scene, the scanner is only used to create a training set consisting of image-depthmap pairs. Then the depth cues, predicted through training a Markov Random Field to model the relationship between the depth and the image features, can still serve as extra constraint for the correspondence problem. The experimental results show the convincing performance of proposed methods in the reconstruction of different scenes.

Study onthe Emplacement Mechanismof Dyke Swarms Using Magnetic Fabric, Western Shandong Province

LI Le,HOU Guiting,WANG Chuancheng,WANG Yanxin,XIAO Fangfeng

2009, 45(5):  798-804. 

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Mesoproterozoic mafic dyke swarms are extensively developed in the Western Shandong, the east of the North China Craton, which intruded the Early Precambrian crystal basement. The dorminant orientation of these mafic dykes is nearly N-S trending. The mafic dyke swarms in the Western Shandong belong to LREE enrichment magmatic rocks, and are formed in a continental rift environment according to petrology and geochemistry of these mafic dykes. The flow structures and geometry evidences of the dykes indicatethat the magma source of these dykes intruded the pre-existingtensional rupture . The dyke swarms in the Western Shandong intruded from North to South. Angles between the long axis orientations of magnetic fabric textures and the middle line of dykes suggest that the flow direction of these dykes is from North to South. Further it indicate that the dykes intruded fromNorth to South. These flow structures, geochemistry and magnetic fabric textures suggest that magma come from enriched mantle magma source beneath the Yanliao-Zhongtiao aulacogens based on space-time relationship between the mafic dyke swarms and Yanliao-Zhongtiao aulacogens.

A New Methodfor Rainfall Runoff Simulation Based on Dynamic Digital Terrain Model

ZHU Qiang,SUN Min,CHEN Xiuwan

2009, 45(5):  805-810. 

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The concept of dynamic digital terrain model (DDTM) is proposed. The main idea of DDTMis to describe the terrain surface processes by establishing the calculating rules among the related surface factors, which mainly influence the surface processes such as slope, precipitation, soil, etc. In DDTM, regular grid is taken as the unit to present natural processes, and the calculating rules arethe functions of time, which decides the simulation process to be dynamic. Hydrological rainfall run off process is used as atypical example to illustrate the principal of DDTMin the experiment. The result showsthat DDTMis ableto simulate terrain surface processes.

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geological Significance of Guangtoushan Granitoids from Western Qinling,Central China

WUFenghui,LIU Shuwen,LI Qiugen,WANG Zongqi,SU Li,YANG Kai,ZHANG Fan,YAN Quanren,YAN Zhen

2009, 45(5):  811-818. 

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Guangtoushan granitoids are locatedin the north of Mianlue suture zone, which consist of tonalites and monzogranites. Thetonalites display gneissic feature, which are locally mylonitized into granitoid mylonites. The weakly gneissic to massive monzogranites with a little garnet emplaced after the mylonite zone. LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb isotope dating reveals that Guangtoushan granitoidpluton experiencedtwo stages of emplacement. The earlier gneissic tonalite, sample GT18-01, emplaced at 221±6 Ma and the later monzogranite, sample GT11-01, yields a crystalline age of 199±4 Ma. Integrated with the previous studies in regional tectonic setting and geochemical characteristics, the early tonalites of the Guangtoushan granitoids were most likely to emplace at ～221 Ma, which possibly represents the arc magmatism of oceanic crust subduction before Mianlue ocean basin closed. Then, Mianlue ocean basin closed andthe Yangtze Craton was amalgamazed with Qinling micro-block, which formed Mianlue suture zone. The S-type monzogranitic magmatismprobably occured in the syn-collision tectonic setting during the main orogenic stage of the Qinling orogenic belt at ～199 Ma. The closure event of the Mianlue ocean basin, which formed the Mianlue suture zone, occured between ～221 Ma and ～199 Ma.

Zircon U-Pb Age of Tonghualing Inter mediate-Acid Intrusive Rocks, Eastern Junggar, Xinjiang

GUO Lishuang,ZHANG Rui,LIU Yulin,XU Fajun,SULi

2009, 45(5):  819-824. 

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Tonghualing intermediate-acid intrusive rocks is located in Yemaquan arc between Armantai fault and Kelameili fault, Eastern Junggar, North Xinjiang. The intermediate-acid intrusive rocks are principally composed of diorite-porphyry, tonalite and monzogranite. Zircons fromthese rocks are dated using LA-ICP-MS U-Pb method and yield weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/₂₃₈U age of 427.4±3.2, 422.8±3.2 and 418.5±2.6 Ma respectively, indicating that there are Early Paleozoic magmatic activities in Eastern Junggar. This work supplies evidence for orogenic evolution in Early Paleozoic in this area.

Mineralogical Study on Inhalable Particles during the Haze Period in Winter Beijing

ZHENG Nan,JI Ang,WANG Hejin,XU Tingjing,LI Ting

2009, 45(5):  825-832. 

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X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser Raman microprobe (LRM) and X-ray fluorescence(XRF) were used to study the mineral and elemental component of atmospheric inhalable particles (PM₁₀) collected during the periods of haze day, normal day and the day after precipitation respectively in 2008 winter in Beijing. The concentration of PM₁₀ collected during the haze periodis 262.7 μg/m³, and the pollution of PM₁₀ in the following day exceeds the national standard level Ⅱ. The results of XRD phase analysis indicates that the concentration of chloride of haze day is higher than that in the normal day, and the behavior of other crustal minerals are different from that of chloride. Thetotal concentration of secondary aerosols in the haze day is 37.9%, higher than 30.6% of normal day, which shows the enhancement effected by the haze weather condition. Especially ammoniumchloride, existing in all samples, its percentage decreased from9.6% (haze day) to 5.9% (normal day). Moreover, the LRM individual particle analysis shows that the organic matter and sulphate minerals cover other minerals in the PM₁₀ of haze day, which means the mineral particles in the atmosphere becomethe convenient carrier for the pollutant material. Besides, the results of XRF elemental quantitative analysis are consistent with the results of XRDphase analysis, and it shows the concentrations of Al and Si decrease in the haze day, and S and Cl enrich in the haze period.

LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geological Significance of Xiba Granitoids from Qinling,Central China

ZHANG Fan,LIU Shuwen,LI Qiugen,WANG Zongqi,HAN Yigui,YANG Kai,WU Fenghui

2009, 45(5):  833-840. 

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Xiba granitoids are located in the South Qinling tectonic belt, Shaanxi province, which consist of granodiorite, monzogranite and tonalite. LA-ICP- MS zircon U-Pb dating yields two concordant ages, 219 ±1 Ma for monzogranite sample XB01-2, and 218±1 Ma for granodiorite sample XB06-1. The ages for two samples are uniformintest errors, indicating a crystallization age of ～218 Ma. This result, together with the previous studies concerning regional tectonic setting and geochemical characteristics of Xiba granitoids, show that they are produced in the magmatism event of the main orogenic stage of the Qinling orogenic belt.

LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geological Significance of Zhashui Granitoids and Dongjiangkou Granitoids fromQinling, Central China

YANG Kai,LIU Shuwen,LI Qiugen,WANG Zongqi,HAN Yigui,WU Fenghui,ZHANG Fan

2009, 45(5):  841-847. 

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Zhashui granitoids and Dongjiangkou granitoids in the South Qinling tectonic domain of the Qinling orogen, ShanXi province, are composed of porphyry-like granodiorites and porphyry-like monzogranites. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating,in conjunction with CL-i magery, reveals that the Zhashui porphyry-like monzogranite (sample ZS01-01) emplacedfrom209±2 Mato 199±2 Ma, and Dongjiangkou porphyry-like monzogranite (sample ZS04-01) from219±2 Mato 209±2 Ma. Integrated with the previous studies in regional tectonic setting and geochemical characteristics, the two granitoids formed in one geological event. Emplacement of the Dongjiangkou instrusion is slightly earlier than Zhashui intrusion, and second emplacement of the Dongjiangkou intrusion occurred at synchronous time with the main emplacement of the Shashui intrusion. These new dating data of these two intrusions indicates existing three stages of the tectono-magma activities during ～219 Ma to ～199 Ma along Shangdan suture belt in the north margin of the South Qinling tectonic domain.

Analysis and Guaranteeing Counter measures for Water Environment Security of Chinese Freshwater Lakes

NING Miao,YE Wenhu

2009, 45(5):  848-854. 

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Based on statistical data in 2006, the indices of population density, population concentration, urbanization, economic strength, and economic, agricultural and industrial concentration of the regions surrounding Chinese ten major freshwater lakes are calculated, which indicate that most regions around freshwater lakes are not only the areas with relative concentrated population and high urbanization level, but also the polar of increasing economy and superior agriculture products bases for the positioned provinces or cities, and their development deeply depends on lakes' fresh water resources supply. On the other hand, existing documents show that water environment security situations of Chinese freshwater lakes are nowbecoming more and more serious, facing the problems of sharp falling of area, continuously worsening of water quality, rather serious eutrophication, bad damage of lake shores and dramatic decreasing of biodiversity. As water environment security of freshwater lakes deals with the overall situation of regional or national societies and economies, the authors suggest improving freshwater lake environmental monitoring and early-warning system, constructing more diversified prevention and treatment system for freshwater lake environmental problems, and strengthening technology support for key areas.

Leaf Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stoichiometry across Plant Species in Beijing and Its Periphery

HAN Wenxuan,WU Yi,TANG Luying,CHEN Yahan,LI Liping,HE Jinsheng,FANG Jingyun

2009, 45(5):  855-860. 

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Based on a systematic field sampling and lab measurements of 358 native species, the regional stoichiometric patterns of leaf C, N and Pin Beijing and its periphery were investigated. The geometric means of leaf C, N and P are 45.1% ,2.61% and 0.20 % (dry weight), respectively. The content ratios of lamina C, N and Pto their petiole counterparts are 1.1, 2.4 and 1.8 for C, Nand P, respectively, as reflectsthe stoichiometric relationship between lamina and petiole. Herbs have higher leaf N and P and lower Cthan woody plants; conifers are significantly lower in leaf N( or higher in leaf C) , compared with broadleaves, but there is no significant difference in leaf P between the two growth-forms. Leaf C, N and P are correlated significantly between each other across all species or within growth-forms, with positive relationship between N and P, and negative between C and N ( P). The geometric mean mass ratios of leaf C∶N, C∶P and N∶P are 17.3, 242 and 13.9, respectively.

Accounting and Analyzing Eco-economic SystemUsing a Modified Emergy-Based Ecological Footprint Model : A Case Studyin Guangdong Province (1978-2006)

ZHAO Zhiqiang,GAO Jiangbo,LI Shuangcheng,WANG Yanglin

2009, 45(5):  861-867. 

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By using a modified emergy-based ecological footprint model, the authors accounted and analyzed the changing processes of the per capita consumption ecological footprint and local output ecological carrying capacity in Guangdong Province from 1978 to 2006. Growth trend was found in both processes, and the growth rate of the output carrying capacity was higher than consumption ecological footprint. The authors researched the structural characteristics and trends of consumption ecological footprint and local output ecological carrying capacity accordingto the different accounts of biological resources, energy resources, industry, human resource and trade respectively. The growth of the non-biological resources consumption footprint was the most important part of the growth of total consumption, while the growth of product output carrying capacity also benefited from the second major industrial development. Extensive trade and the continuous improvement of human resources since reform and opening up policy were the major reasons for continuous improvement of carrying capacity in Guangdong Province.

Research on Water Environmental Pollution Effects of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill: A Case Study of Likeng Landfill, Guangzhou

LUO Dinggui,ZHANG Hongguo,LIU Qianhong,SU Guichen,CHEN Diyun

2009, 45(5):  868-874. 

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Based on groundwater, surface water quality standards, water environmental quality evaluation criteria suitable for landfill was established and the water quality index method was used for water quality evaluation of the landfill area through investigating the water environment and sampling in the study area. By analyzing the sub-division of the basin, the water quality features, the hydrogen and oxygen stability isotope characteristics, combined with the geological environment, three ways to water pollution caused by landfill were determined. By comparing massive components, micro components and organic micro components (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalate esters, BTEX), according to the degree of water quality higher thanthe background value for the leachate and the contaminated water points, alandfill groundwater pollutionindex systemwas tried to be established, as indicative choices for landfill groundwater pollution source identification and water pollution assessment.