Abstract: Based on statistical data in 2006, the indices of population density, population concentration, urbanization, economic strength, and economic, agricultural and industrial concentration of the regions surrounding Chinese ten major freshwater lakes are calculated, which indicate that most regions around freshwater lakes are not only the areas with relative concentrated population and high urbanization level, but also the polar of increasing economy and superior agriculture products bases for the positioned provinces or cities, and their development deeply depends on lakes' fresh water resources supply. On the other hand, existing documents show that water environment security situations of Chinese freshwater lakes are nowbecoming more and more serious, facing the problems of sharp falling of area, continuously worsening of water quality, rather serious eutrophication, bad damage of lake shores and dramatic decreasing of biodiversity. As water environment security of freshwater lakes deals with the overall situation of regional or national societies and economies, the authors suggest improving freshwater lake environmental monitoring and early-warning system, constructing more diversified prevention and treatment system for freshwater lake environmental problems, and strengthening technology support for key areas.

Key words: freshwater lake, water environment security, guaranteeing countermeasures

摘要： 依据2006年统计数据, 计算了我国十大主要淡水湖环湖区域的人口密度指数、人口集中度指数、城镇化指数和经济实力指数、经济集中度指数、工农业集中度指数。结果表明:环湖区域的人 口相对集中, 城镇化水平相对较高, 是所在省(市) 的农产品供应基地与增长极, 社会经济发展对湖泊水资源的依附性大。另一方面, 通过对文献资料的整理、统计, 发现我国淡水湖泊面积萎缩、污染加剧、富营养化问题突出, 湖滨带生态系统受损严重、生物多样性锐减, 水环境安全的形势极为严峻。基于此作者认为, 淡水湖泊的水环境安全关系到地方乃至全 国社会经济发展的大局, 我国须建立健全淡水湖泊水环境安全监测预警体系, 构建多元化的淡水湖泊生态环境问题防治控制体系, 并强化重点领域的技术支撑与工程示范。

关键词: 淡水湖泊, 水环境安全, 保障对策