Table of Content

20 July 2007, Volume 43 Issue 4

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Research on Large Virtual Octree Model for True Three Dimensional Geo Science Modeling

Guangxian,PAN Mao,WU Huanping,CONG Weiqing,WU Zixing

2007, 43(4):  496-501. 

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Pointer octree, linear octree and other octree models have low efficiency either on storage or processing of massive dataset, which is a key problem in true three dimensional geo science modeling. The authors present a large virtual octree model which is based on multi linear structure and has no pointer or location code in its octants. The new model is both efficient on storage by a multilevel compression method which is based on regularly partitioned blocks, and is efficient on octant accessing by a multilevel index method which is based on fast morton segmentation and array operation. The new model is consistent both in core and out of core, and implementation details about block swap is presented finally. The large virtual octree model is effective to process high resolution and massive property dataset, and will promote the true three dimensional geoscience modeling.

Research on Multi-Agent Based Urban Simulation Platform

SHEN Tiyan,LI Xun

2007, 43(4):  502-508. 

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In order to integrate efficiently multi-agent based models(ABM) and geographic information system(GIS) and to promote the performance of computing, this paper tries to put forward a framework of an integrated urban micro simulation software platform?GRID ABGIS, an agent based GIS with GRID computing. Firstly, this article reviews the characteristics of system structures in several classical researches on urban micro simulation. Then, the authors summary an urban simulation information system by using the skills of software engineering from those researches. Secondly, the paper discusses the information processes of urban micro simulation applications and analyzes the system requirements of a microsimulation software platform. Thirdly, it presents a detail design for Grid ABGIS, including the system architecture of Grid ABGIS, the data model of ABGIS and the ABGIS object architecture. Finally, a series of technological problems in realizing ABGIS prototype are explored.

An Economic Model for Environmental Management and Planning and Its Application

MAO Jiansu,YANG Zhifeng,LU Zhongwu,LIU Ruimin

2007, 43(4):  509-516. 

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A new method for modeling environmental management and planning is suggested to support the goal of improving environmental quality. Based on the analysis of the relationships between environmental impacts and economic growth, characteristic curves for environmental management were developed. Four significant points were distinguished on the environmental impact curve: the separation point, the culmination point, the descent point and the recovery point. For each point, the year of occurrence was callulated and estimated the dimensionless eigenvalues for economic growth (social GDP) and two environmental parameters, eco-efficiency and environmental impact were estimated. The application of the characteristic curves was illustrated through an analysis on the environmental impacts of Fe,Cu,Zn,Pb, and Hg in China. In addition, a 50 year management plan for environmental parameters related to these five metals and analyze the possibility of realization through some typical examples was presented.

Realization of the Box Counting Method for Calculating the Fractal Dimension of the Urban Form Based on the Remote Sensing Image

GE Meiling,?LIN Qizhong

2007, 43(4):  517-522. 

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In the research of fractal cities, the fractal dimension is very important. It is used to describe the fractal character of the city. The authors design two ways to calculate the fractal dimension by the box counting method through an example of Beijing, which are called the vector method and the grid method respectively. The former calculates the fractal dimension through an intersecting analysis in ArcView; and the latter is carried out by programming in Matlab. They are compared from three aspects: the calculating process, the limits in use and the results. As a result,they get the conclusion that there are merits and faults on both methods and they should be chosen to use properly in practical situation.

Research on Reduction of Organics in Polluted Source Water Using the Combined Process

SHI Dongwen,XIE Shuguang,WANG Rui,HAN Haiyan,LIU Chunxia,XI Danli

2007, 43(4):  549-553. 

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Due to heavy pollution in Yellow River water, the finished water quality of most dinking water works taking Yellow River water as source water but using conventional treatment process, is not ideal. In this study the combined process was applied for the purification of Yellow River water, including biological pretreatment using moving bed biofilm reactor, conventional treatment unit, ozonation activated carbon advanced treatment unit. The results indicated each unit of the combined process could effectively reduce total organic carbon (TOC) in waters and the average of total removal rate was 42.2%. Moreover, the combined process performed well in reduction of UV₂₅₄, algae, assmilable organic carbon (AOC), biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), and the trihalomethane precursors. The combined could effectively reduce mutagencity in waters and the moving bed biofilm reactor played a significant role, although the mutagencity in raw water was low.

Role of Stress Direction on Mechanotransduction and Functions of Endothelial Cells

CHIEN Shu

2007, 43(4):  435-440. 

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Shear stress can regulate vascular endothelial cell (EC) functions through membrane sensing, intracellular signal transduction, and modulation of gene and protein expressions. Laminar shear stress causes transient increases in the expressions of MCP-1 and the genes and proteins that upregrulate proliferation of ECs. The continued application of such shear flow with a definitive direction, however, causes the down regulation of these molecules and the up regulation of genes and proteins that inhibit growth. Complex flow pattern that does not have a definitive direction causes sustained increases of MCP-1 and the genes and proteins that stimulate proliferation, thus enhancing the invasion of monocytes and the turnover of ECs. In the straight part of the arterial tree, laminar flow prevails and has anti atherogenic effects. In contrast, the disturbed flow at branch points does not have a specific direction and is atherogenic. Therefore, the directionality of shear stress plays an important role in regulation of EC functions in health and disease.

Multiple View Geometry and Traditional Photogrammetry Theory

SUN Min

2007, 43(4):  453-459. 

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The development of multiple view geometry theory and technology provide a new research direction for photogrammetry field, however, how to syncretize multiple view geometry theory into traditional photogrammetry theory and make its application satisfy practical requirement is still one challenge. Multiple view geometry and traditional photogrammetry theories respectively have certain limitations if compare them with each other, and there are also exist some similarities and differences in two theories respectively in three important data process parts including: initial data, calculation process and output result. In order to remedy defects in traditional photogrammetry, two solutions of close range photogrammetry and aerial photogrammetry with support of multiple view geometry theory can be taken into account, both theories can overcome defects from data capture process in traditional photogrammetry, and both can increase flexibilities of data capture, at the same time, from the side of multiple view geometry, precision of data process can also be improved. The demonstration shows that the solution is effective and feasible.

Modification of Sample Tube Used for Determining Ar Isotopes

MIAO Guojun,LIU Yulin,MA Fang

2007, 43(4):  493-495. 

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While testing capability of mass spectrometer has been improved, sample fusion system becomes the main factor to effect Ar isotopes determination. Sample tube has been reconstructed from mono tube to multiple tube. After reconstruction, it allowes us to remove atmosphere Ar and measure hot blank beforehand. This reduces the influence of non radiogenic Ar to measuring results,which plays an important role especially to young volcanic rocks. Moreover, measuring time is saving. The second change that has made is quartz tube from cylinder shape to three pinstripe. Quartz material contacted to the molybdenum crucible reduces to one fifth. This makes hot blank even lower and the removal time is shorter. After modification of sample tube, the content of radiogenic Ar increases and reproducibility and accuracy of standards is better.

Clinical Study on Gastric Carcinoma and Gastritis Using mid FT IR Spectroscopy

XU Yizhuang,XU Zhi,LING Xiaofeng,ZHAO Ying,LIU Xuexin,PAN Qinghua,WANG Bingbing,ZHANG Xiao,REN Yu,YANG Limin,YANG Wenjun,LAI Guoqiao,ZHANG Yuanfu,WENG Shifu,ZHOU Xiaosi,XU Duanfu,WU Jinguang

2007, 43(4):  441-445. 

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110 gastric disease samples stored in liquid nitrogen, 89 fresh gastric disease samples after operation and 80 fresh tissues obtained from gastroscope were investigated using mid FTIR ATR method. At the same time, the spectra of gastric tumor of six patients were measured in vivo in the process of operation using mid IR fiber optics technique. The detected indexes from IR were compared with the pathological biopsy and the results show that various indexes are in agreement with the results of pathological diagnosis more than 90%. The same consequences were observed for fresh tissues and samples in vivo detection. To investigate the difference of the incidence of this disease in south and north of China, 80 fresh tissues from gastroscope, including various types of gastric diseases, for example, superficial gastritis, chronic gastritis, moderate atrophic gastritis and severe atrophic gastritis, and so on, obtained from Hangzhou First People?s Hospital were measured. The spectroscopic measurements show that different stages of pathologic changes of stomach have corresponding spectroscopic characteristics. The results demonstrate that mid IR ATR method is an effective way for detection of various gastritis diseases and carcinoma of stomach.

On International Protection and Research of Industrial Property

QUE Weimin

2007, 43(4):  523-534. 

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According to the literatures on industrial heritage published by the international organizations concerning the World Heritage, the author elaborates the origin of protecting industrial heritages and its current situation, and analyzes the industrial properties in the World Heritage List, and then ? basing on such a study on the global background ? points out the specialties of Chinese industrial heritage and suggests the strategy ideas for protecting and managing Chinese Industrial Heritage.

Molecular Cloning of BcWRKY1 Transcriptional Factor Gene from Boea crassifolia Hemsl and Its Preliminary Functional Analysis

LIU Geyu,HU Yuanlei,ZHAO Feng,ZHU Jianbo,LIN Zhongping

2007, 43(4):  446-452. 

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A piece of cDNA fragment by RT-PCR from the Boea crassifolia Hemsl induced by SA were obtained. This fragment contains a conservative WRKY domain-sequence. The full-long cDNA sequence about 1 803 bp were cloned by the RACE(Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) and named BcWRKY1. The results of sequence analysis indicate that BcWRKY1 is most similar to Ipomoea batatas SPF1 ［D30038］, the conservative sequence alignment score is 84%.The Northern blot analysis show that BcWRKY1 gene can be induced by the abiotic stresses like drought, soil salinity, low temperature and the molecular signal such as SA, MeJA, JA, ABA, but all the expression behaviors of them are different. The BcWRKY1 gene is rapidly and strongly induced by 150 mmol/L NaCl. The BcWRKY1 genomic DNA about 2168bp nucleotides has been cloned and the results of sequence analysis indicate it contains four introns.

Application of Artificial Neural Network to Ocean Surface Wind Field Retrieval Modeling for Spaceborne Scatterometer

CHEN Kehai,XIEXuetong,HUANG Zhou,FANG Yu,CHEN Xiaoxiang

2007, 43(4):  460-467. 

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Geophysical model function(GMF) is the basis of scatterometer wind field retrieval and the prerequisite to effective running of the retrieval algorithm. GMF modeling using traditional statistical method usually needs a great number of backscattering coefficient measurements under various observing parameter conditions. Taking SeaWinds, a type of conically scanning scatterometer, as an example, a unified neural network model (NN GMF) for two polarization modes is designed. Moreover, effects of wind speed sampling interval, wind relative direction sampling interval, and the number of measurements on modeling precision are also analyzed in detail. Compared with Qscat-1 model function, the neural network model is able to reflect the backscattering signature of SeaWinds scatterometer very well, even on the condition that sampling intervals of wind speed and wind relative direction are large or the number of backscattering measurements is small.

Climate Change in Shenzhen during 1953-2004

ZHANG Enjie,ZHAO Xinyi,ZHANG Jingjing

2007, 43(4):  535-541. 

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Based on the meteorological data during 1953-2004, the characteristics of climate change in Shenzhen in the recent 50 years are studied. The results are summarized as below: the temperatures have increased, with a warming rate of 0.34 ?/10 a; the warming rate is larger in summer and autumn; temperature increase at night is more remarkable. Daily temperature ranges become smaller, particularly in autumn and winter. The lowest temperature shows an increasing trend. Hot days is increasing. Precipitation days, sunshine times and relative humidity are obviously decreasing. These characteristics are more remarkable after 1980s, when Shenzhen started developing rapidly. The results suggest that the effect of urbanization in Shenzhen should be considered in future study of climate change.

Modeling the Urbanization Process of China by Using Nonlinear Dynamic Equations

CHEN Yanguang,ZHOU Yixing

2007, 43(4):  542-548. 

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A model based on nonlinear dynamics is proposed to characterize the urbanization process of China. Then a universal model of urbanization process is presented by combining the above mentioned model with the United Notions' model, which can be used to describe the United States' urbanization process. The time series data of urbanization level in China from 1949 to 2000 is employed to verify the new model, and the result is satisfying. The model bears an analogy with the Lotka-Volterra model of predator prey ecological interaction, one of the most widely discussed examples of a non linear system in two dimensions. The difference lies in that one of the parameters is zero. Extensions of such models should help us understand Holland's question: why predator prey ecological interaction exhibit strong oscillations, whereas the interactions that form a city are typically more stable.

Spatio Temporal Topological Relation Modeling of Moving Objects

GAO Yong,ZHANG Jing,ZHU Xiaoxi,LIU Yu

2007, 43(4):  468-473. 

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Researches on spatio temporal characteristics of moving objects gained more and more attentions because of the increasing application demands. Spatio temporal topological relation, one of the main topics about moving objects, contributes much to such researches on data model, index and query, etc. Aimed to planar moving objects in Euclidean space, a time sliced date model is presented firstly. Then based on the point set theory, a qualitative model about spatio temporal topological relations between moving objects is defined. The temporal relation and spatial relation are expressed by the 9 Intersection model separately, and then the sptio temporal topological relation is defined as their combination considering the dynamic behavior of moving objects. To compute the spatio temporal topological relations, the validation, computability and computation rules about this model are given as well. This model can aggregately express the spatial distribution and temporal evolvement of moving objects, especially the dynamic characteristics. And it will conduce to researches about moving objects databases and spatio temporal query.

Calculation of ETM+ Broadband Albedos by Radiative Simulations

GHULAM Abduwasit,QIN Qiming

2007, 43(4):  474-483. 

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Surface broadband albedo is calculated from Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data using 6S (Second Simulation of Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum) simulations. First, land cover of study area is classified into three classes as vegetation, bare soil and water as to surface features so that it is possible to simulate the spectral data not available from ETM+ sensor as well as to reduce both the adjacency and angular effects. Then, The whole shortwave region(0 3 4 μm)is divided into 13 spectral bands following by the bandwidth of ETM+. ETM+ data has only six bands could be used to calculate broadband albedo. To remedy the spectral deficiency, the radiances in the wavelengths not included in ETM+ sensor are simulated by 6S using field measured reflectance and ASTER spectral library. Next, illuminated and reflected spectral irradiances at the surface are calculated for per band to estimate the spectral albedo and band weights. The spectral albedos are calculated as the ratio of spectral reflected to incident irradiance. Finally, broadband albedos in 0.3 - 0.7, 0.7 - 4, 0.3 - 4 μm ranges are estimated and validated using isochronous field measurement data obtained in Shunyi District of Beijing. Comparisons of satellite estimated and field observed albedos demonstrat high accordance with maximum relative error of 17.9%.

Estimating Subpixel Surface Temperature Coupling Retrieval Land Surface Parameters with GA SOFM Neural Network

YANG Guijun,,,LIU Qinhuo,LIU Qiang,GU Xingfa

2007, 43(4):  484-492. 

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During the simulation of thermal infrared remote sensing, the high spatial resolution scene of land surface temperature can be estimated by moderate and lower resolution thermal infrared data. The GA SOFM (Genetic Algorithms & Self Organizing Feature Maps) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) can be used to construct the relation between the inverted land surface parameters based on VNIR data and lower resolution data, which is also considered the unmixing process of mixed pixel. Finally, the high resolution land surface scene can be generated by this method. In this paper, the discussion and analysis the accuracy, applicability and prospect about this method are carried out. It is easy to put into operation with higher accuracy. Utilizing the ASTER data to test it, conclusions show that subpixel land surface temperature under different land cover types can be retrieved based on a pair of remote sensing data if we don't directly invert high resolution land surface temperature or run short of experienced knowledge about land surface. Also, it is a new approach to quickly estimate and simulate high resolution land surface temperature.

Environmental Impact Assessment Conception Model of Public Behavior Choosing

HOU Xiaoge,LUAN Shengji

2007, 43(4):  554-559. 

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Participation and non participation are two options for the public in the proceeding of environmental impact assessment (EIA). As a rational economic man, the public individual should evaluate the incomes and costs before making a decision. There are four main variables to impact behavior function of the public individual: environmental preferences, loyalty, institutional providing and participating situation which decide the expenses of participation and the non participation, anticipation of ability and efficacy to participate. On the precondition that individual preferences is negligible, if the nonparticipation choice exists as a substitute, a indifferent curves of individual behavior choice can be drown, from which we can tell the tendency of the individual behavior choosing, how variables work, and how to excavate the non participant and passive participant to take the initiative.

A Sheetflood Dominated Alluvial Fan---FengYG Alluvilal Fan，Taiyuan Basin

LI Xinpo,MO Duowen,ZHU Zhongli,MA Yuanxu,LIU Yunming

2007, 43(4):  560-566. 

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FengYG alluvial fan is a large fan that lies to the northwest of Taiyuan basin. It has a widen plan view. Exposures with typical parallel bedding sediments were found at fanhead. It shows that FengYG alluvial fan is mainly formed by upper flow regime sheetflood process. Sheetflood deposits comprise pebble to granule gravel bar deposits with small thickness that extend far on side directions, and between bar deposits with finer grain size. Geomorphic and geologic features of its drainage basin shows that larger accommodation space formed by uplift of Lüliang mountain possibly led to sheetflood deposits on FengYG alluvial fan.

Lignin Peroxidase Characteristics and Its Gene Clone from Pseudomonas sp. PKE117

YANG Jinshui,YUAN Hongli,LI Baozhen,NI Jinren

2007, 43(4):  567-571. 

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The present study was undertaken to investigate the enzyme characteristics of purified lignin peroxidase (LiP) from Pseudomonas sp. PKE117. The PKE117 LiP catalyzed veratryl alcohol oxidase activity at 25 ℃ showed that the optimum pH was 5.0, the optimum temperature at 30 ℃,　the K_m of the LiP was (0.277±0.000 8) mmol/L and the v_max was (0.049±0.001) mmol?mg^-1 protein?min^-1.The authors designed two special primers according to conservative sequences of lignin peroxidase and got a 199 bp DNA fragment (lip1) and a 563 bp DNA fragment (lip2). Sequence comparison demonstrated that lip1 and lip2 had low homology with known white rot fungi's lip genes. After translation, LiP1 had 100% homology with Pycnoporus sanguineus laccase, 80% homology with Mycobacterium bovis LiP. LiP2 had 100% homology with Arabidopsis thaliana LiP and 75% homology with Hordeum vulgare peroxidase 1.

H₂S Gas Removal in the Biotrickling Filter with a Macroporous Carrier

LI Jing,NI Jinren,JI Guodong

2007, 43(4):  572-577. 

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A kind of macroporous carriers was used to immobilize acclimated activated sludge in a biotrickling filter for removing hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). The experiments on removal of H₂S had been carried out in the reactor system for about one year. The period of start up could be divided into four stages, including pre bubbling, selective culture, immobilization and direct H₂S culture. It needed only 18 days to start up the system and to operate steadily. The optimum pH, rate of spray nutrient and empty bed residence time were 2.16, 70 mL/min and 25 s, respectively. When the removal efficiency of H₂S was 100%, the maximum influent load of the biotrickling filter (114 gH₂S/(m3carriers?h)) was five times that of the plastic pall rings biotrickling filter. The main metabolism end products were sulphate while the by products were whitish yellow sulphur suspensions. Close correlation was found among pH, oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and concentration of sulfate.

Effects of Extremity Shifts, Heuristics and Social Desirability on Job Information Completeness

ZHOU Jie,LI Feng,WANG Erping

2007, 43(4):  578-584. 

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The 2×3×2 between subjects experiment examined the effects of extremity shifts, heuristics and social desirability on job information completeness. The completeness is cooperatively defined as the sum of all job information cross sets by any two providers. The MANOVA results indicated that: a) The extent of extremity shifts had effects on job information completeness. Extremity shifts lead to the incomplete job information under the condition of high social desirability, while under the condition of low social desirability extremity shifts had no effects on job information completeness; b) Heuristics led to the incomplete job information. As being motivated and provided with the typical job information, the participants will engage in systematic processing which makes the job information more complete; c) Social desirability is the moderator of extremity shifts job information completeness and heuristics job information completeness relationships.