Table of Content

20 July 2005, Volume 41 Issue 4

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Effect of Doping K Element on Properties of Lithium Zirconate as CO₂-absorbent

WANG Yinjie,QI Lu,DU Ke,WEN Lei

2005, 41(4):  501-505. 

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With nanometer-sized monoclinic ZrO₂, lithium carbonate, and potassium carbonate as starting materials, potassium-doped lithium zirconate Li₂K_2xZrO₃ (0≤x≤0.4) absorbents are prepared by high-temperature solid-state reaction. The influence of doping potassium on the crystal structure of the prepared absorbents is studied by comparison of their XRD patterns. The microscopic morphologies of absorbents with different x were viewed by a sanning electron microscopy. Their CO₂ absorption abilities were measured with a thermogravimetric analyzer. The experimental results show that doping potassium can significantly improve the CO₂ absorption ability of lithium zirconate. It is found that Li₂K_2xZrO₃ absorbent with x=0.03 possesses the best performance. As much as (25±0.6)% (wt) of CO₂ was absorbed by such an absorbent from an atmosphere consisting of 20% of CO₂ plus 80% of air at 500℃ within 160min. After 18 absorption-desorption cycles this absorbent lost only 1.1% of its CO₂-absorption capacity. Since no remarkable change in particle size is observed, the performance improvement might be attributed to the creation of lattice defects in the lithium zirconate crystals by doping potassium.

Expression of Haemadin in Methylotrophic Yeast Pichia Pastoris and Its Purification and Characterization

ZHAO Jingjing,RU Binggen

2005, 41(4):  506-513. 

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The gene of haemadin is synthesized and cloned into vector of pPicZαA. The recombinant plasmid is then linearized with SacⅠ and transformed into pichia pastoris GS115. GS115 strain with high copy inserts is obtained by 1500 mg/L zeocin selection, which, in the optimized condition, express as high as 100 mg/L target protein in flask fermentation. The culture supernatant is collected by centrifuge and then purificated by combination of ultrafiltration, cation exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. Haemadin with above 95% purity is obtained. The yield per liter culture of purified haemadin is 40 mg and overoll recovery yield is 40%. Amidolytic assay of thrombin approved that the recombinant haemadin does have the antithrombin activity. Its inhibition constant (K_i) is (2.46±0.13)×10_-13 mol/L.

Numerical Simulation of Features of Surface Boundary-Layer over Beijing Area

HU Xiaoming,LIU Shuhua,LIANG Fuming,WANG Jianhua,LIU Heping,LI Ju,WANG Yingchun

2005, 41(4):  514-522. 

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The non-hydrostatic mesoscale model MM5.V3 is used to simulate the wind field, temperature field etc. of the atmospheric boundary layer over Beijing Area with the mesh resolution of 1km. The simulation results show that the numerical model can successfully simulate the heat island effect and the wind field and temperature field, which are affected by the complicated topography and urban heat island. The results show that: (1) The surface temperature in the central Beijing is 6--8℃ higher than that in the suburbs. (2) Due to the unique topography the wind of Beijing area during the day time is southern anabatic wind and is northern katabatic wind in the night.

Recent Approach to Buchia Biostratigraphy from the Tethyan Himalaya Area

XIA Zunyi,BAI Zhiqiang

2005, 41(4):  523-529. 

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Recent collections from six sections, Lanongla area, Tethyan Himalaya allow the establishment of four Buchia subokensis, In ascending order they are Buchia concentrica-Buchia spitiensis; Buchia mosquensis-Buchia rugosa; Buchia fischiana-Buchia blanfordiana; Buchia subokensis assemblage. These Buchia assemblages first demonstrate that not only the Upper Jurassic strata but also the highest Buchia assemblage Buchia subokensis are present in the Lanongla area, which appeared in Lower Cretaceous strata all over the world. This first records the highest Buchia assemblage in Lanongla area.

Study of the Active Faults Generating the Earthquake of M_L 6.5 in the West of Beijing in 1730

HUA Jinyu,HOU Guiting,LIU Xida

2005, 41(4):  530-535. 

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By the use of the previous information of M_L 6.5 earthquake in the west of Beijing in 1730 together with the data of drills, electromagnetism and gravity, the Qinglongqiao-Qiliqu and Shahe active faults are identified for the first time. Although at present all aspects of the earthquake are not fully known, the authors consider that the two active faults are responsible for the earthquake and the first one plays the leading role. The establishment of seismogenic faults and epicenter of the earthquake will benefit for the disaster mitigation and city construction of Beijing.

Characteristics and Phosphogenesis of Phosphorite of the Sinian-Cambrian, West Yangtze Area

MU Nan,WU Chaodong

2005, 41(4):  551-562. 

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The late Sinian and early Cambrian are two most important age of phosphate formation in the west Yangtze area. Phosphate deposits are distributed along the margin, platform and basin in the west Yangtze area. The analysis methods include the paleogeography, petrology, organic geochemistry, geochemistry. The conclusions are drawn that the source of phosphate deposits distributed along the margin originate from the weathering production of continent, while phosphate deposits along the platform and basin gain phosphorus through hot spring on the buttom of the sea floor, which is brought to the sedimentary environment by rising sea-fluid, then accumulated by the organism and microorganism, meanwhile, basin phosphorite keep relatively higher organic carbon content.

An Assessment on Reservoir Quality of Volcanic Rocks in Huang-Yu-Re Area, Liaohe Basin

SHI Yanli,HOU Guiting

2005, 41(4):  577-585. 

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Several analysis methods such as casting slice, scanning electron microscope, porosity and permeability data, mercury injection data and density of fissures are used to study the reservoir properties of volcanic rocks in Huang-Yu-Re area, the east sag of Liaohe basin. Volcanic rocks in this area are mainly composed of basalt, diabase, tuff and trachyte. The dominating type of volcanic reservoir space includes secondary solution pores and structural fissures. It is proved by the result of oil test that the combination of such three parameters as the density of fissures, porosity data and permeability data can be used to evaluate the quality of reservoirs in Huang-Yu-Re area more exactly, among which the density of fissures is the leading reference for the evaluation. The capability of the reservoir in Huang-Yu-Re area is highly improved by fissures which are mainly caused by the action of the fault. The definition of special type of reservoir, whose general property is not very good but the density of fissures is very high, is significant to the evaluation of reservoir of the whole area.

Determination of Formation Water Resistivity During the High Water-Cut Stage

YU Jun,SHI Ge,WANG Weinan

2005, 41(4):  536-541. 

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The fluid properties and strata pressure have obviousely changed during the high water cut stage, which exert unfavorable influence on determining formation water resistivity based on spontaneous potential curves. From the analysis of the mechanism for forming SP, formation water resistivity is obtained with spontaneous potential curves. A variety of factors influencing the SP curves in actual production, such as hole diameter, bed thickness, mud invasion, shale content, electrofiltration potential, etc. are analyzed. Correspondent calibrating methods are proposed. Compared with well test data, the result demonstrates that the formation water resistivity can be accurately determined by the method.

Single Molecule Carbon Isotope of n-Alkane from Sediments and Its Application to Environments, Western Sichuan

WANG Yubin,GUAN Ping,LIU Wenhui

2005, 41(4):  542-550. 

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The data of n-alkane of lacustrine sediments in west of Sichuan prove the connection between the value of δ(¹³C) of C17-C22 n-alkane and the altitudes. The δ(¹³C) values of C17-C22 n-alkane increase along with the elevated altitude. According to the δ(¹³C) data, The relationship results from three key associated factors: partial pressure mospheric carbon dioxide p(CO₂), temperature and precipitation. The results also support the opinion that the δ(¹³C) value of C26-C33 n-alkane decrease along with the elevated altitude. Thus, comparing two aspects (n-alkane of longer and shorter train) mentioned above, it could be better to estimate the change of the altitude and the environment during the past time.

Significances of Deep-Seated Xenolith in Cretaceous Basalt of Inner Mongolia

XU Xuan,WU Tairan,ZHANG Shuangtao,J. Byamba,A.Amarjargal,WANG Shiqi,LI Zhongquan

2005, 41(4):  563-569. 

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Siziwangqi of Inner Mongolia is located on the north margin of North China Craton, the junction of North China Craton and Siberia. Granulite xenoliths are found there in Cretaceous basalt. These xenoliths are mainly plagioclase-pyroxenite. The K-Ar isotopic dating of the basalt is between 108.6--128.4 Ma. These granulite xenoliths are not only important for understanding the composition and interaction between the lower lithosphere and the mantle, but also direct evidence for Mesozoic delamination of North China Craton.

Recent Progress of Ecological Risk Assessment

MAO Xiaoling,NI Jinren

2005, 41(4):  646-654. 

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As one of the major parts of environmental risk assessment, the ecological risk assessment provides tools or frameworks for ecological analysis and thus serves environmental risk management and decision-making. An overview is particularly made on basic concepts and primary methods for ecological risk assessment and management. Existing problems are discussed for current ecological risk assessment and practices, and perspectives are given in the paper.

Structure Geological Evidences on Natural Gas Origin in the North Thrust Belt of Kuqa Basin, Northwestern China

HE Guangyu,ZHAO Qing,LI Shuxin,LU Huafu,WANG Liangshu,JIA Dong,LEI Ganglin,QI Yingmin,XIE Huiwen,ZHANG Guowei

2005, 41(4):  570-576. 

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On the base of the evidences on structure geology, the paper presents that the natural gas in Kuqa basin of Northwestern China comes mainly from the north thrust belt. Firstly, based on the basin prototype, the Triassic and Jurassic mudstone and coal, the main source rocks of the basin, did not develop better in Baicheng sag than in the northern thrust belt including Keyi structural belt; Secondly, because of the thrusting happened in late Cenozoic, the Triassic and Jurassic source rocks reach to a high to over high maturity and thus generate gas or condensate oil mainly. Thirdly, the thrust faults compelled the natural gas to migrate from the north to the south or from the deep to the shallow. As a result, the Keyi structural belt and the eastern Qiulitage structural belt enriched in natural gas because they were not only located on the migration routines of the natural gas, but also developed simultaneously when the gas migration happened.

Ecological Risk Assessment of Regions Alongside Qinghai-Xizang Highway and Railway Based on Artificial Neural Network

CHEN Hui,LI Shuangcheng,ZHENG Du

2005, 41(4):  586-593. 

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Concept model of regional ecological risk is built for the characteristics of ecosystems alongside Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway based on MLP (Multilayer percetron) model. Seven indices such as snow hazard, drought hazard and landslide are selected to evaluate the integrated ecological risk of the ecosystems alongside Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway. Results show that Qaidam mountain desert region has the highest average ecological risk value (4.2585), followed by Guoluonaqu alpine scrub meadow region (2.7640) and Qinghai and Qilian mountain steppe region (2.7335) among these ecosystems alongside Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway through six natural regions. As far as land cover types are concerned, the top three ecological risk values appear in the needle-leaved forest (4.3096), desert ecosystem (4.1174) and land without vegetation (3.6182) respectively, which are higher than those in the other seven land cover types in the study site. Although the risk values are influenced by natural factors and human activities, they are more strongly controlled by natural factors. According to the ecological risk characteristics, these ecosystems alongside Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway are subdivided to four subregions, including Chaidam basin high risk region, Xidatan to Dangxiong moderate risk region, and east Qinghai, Qilian and south Qinghai slight risk regions.

Optimization of Landuse Structure: Commentary of Methods

LIU Rongxia,XUE An,HAN Peng,NI Jinren

2005, 41(4):  655-662. 

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Land resource is one of the irreplaceable resources that human beings rely on. It is not only the main component of our environment, but also the carrier of other natural and social resources. Based on an overview of the worldwide research background for optimization of land use structure, the authors analyze the logistic framework of the optimal procedure and compare various kinds of relevant models. As a result, advantages and limitations in applications of the models are revealed. Meanwhile, significance of multi-objective optimal model in land use structure optimization application and scarce of land use spatial structure optimization are indicated.

Economic Value of Urban Ecosystem Services: A Case Study in Shenzhen

PENG Jian,WANG Yanglin,CHEN Yanfei,LI Weifeng,JIANG Yiyi

2005, 41(4):  594-604. 

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Based on research progress on economic value of ecosystem services, taking Shenzhen for instance, the authors analyze the functions of ecosystem services such as conditioning climate, fixing carbon and releasing oxygen, preserving soil, keeping waterhead, purifying environment, and restraining noises. Economic values of all the six kinds of ecological service functions are calculated. The results show that ecosystems in Shenzhen provide enormous ecological economic benefits with the total value of RMB 126292000000, which corresponds with the RMB 166524000000 of GDP of Shenzhen in 2000. Meanwhile, the importance of different ecosystem services in urban areas is different. The function of fixing carbon and releasing oxygen is the most important, the function of conditioning climate is the second, and the functions of keeping waterhead, preserving soil, purifying environment, and restraining noises are the last important. As for the case study in Shenzhen, the functions of purifying environment and restraining noises are in great need of protection in urban landscape management and ecological construction.

Degradation of Chlorophenols Catalyzed by Laccase

CHEN Hui,ZHANG Jianbo,LIU Xiaopeng,YANG Yuxiang

2005, 41(4):  605-611. 

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Laccase being catalyzer, the degradation mechanism of 2,4-Dichlorophenol, 4-Chlorophenol and 2-Chlorophenol is studied. The effects of reaction time, pH, temperature, concentration of chlorophenols and laccase on the removal of chlorophenols are discussed in detail, as well as the optimum reaction condition. The results indicate that reactivity of 2,4-DCP is better than that of other two chlorophenols under laccase catalyzing, with a degradation rate of 94% in 10 h， then 2-CP, 75% and 4-CP 69% in 10 h. The suitable pH for laccase to degrade chlorophenols is around 5.5. The removal of chlorophenols increases with increase of laccase concentration and temperature, but effects of increase of concentration of chlorophenols on the removal of chlorophenol are different. The reaction of degradation 2,4-DCP catalyzed by laccase followed the first-order reaction and the reaction activation energy is about 44.8 kJ·mol^-1. In addition, laccase is immobilized by using crosslinked chitosan with glutaraldehyde.The activity of immobilized laccase is lower than that of free laccase, but the stability is increased significantly. The immobilized laccase is used to degrade 2,4-DCP repeatedly in 6 days, and the degradation rate in 6 h is more than 60% throughout.

Measuring Urban Ecological Sustainability: A Case Study in Shenzhen City

JIANG Yiyi,WANG Yanglin,LI Weifeng,HAN Dang,NIU Huien

2005, 41(4):  612-621. 

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The ecological footprint (EF) has been given much attention as an indicator for urban sustainable development over the last years. This paper applies the EF concept and calculation method to measure the ecological sustainability of Shenzhen City in 2000. An overall average EF of Shenzhen is calculated, using food, energy and chemical products consumption items in terms of the land area respectively required. Imports and exports data are considered during the calculation. The EF of Shenzhen City at 2.0227 hm² dramatically overshoots its ecological capacity of 0.0477 hm², it can be concluded that Shenzhen City is in "ecological deficit", in the sense that it is using more biologically productive land than that available within its borders and it highly dependents upon external ecosystems for its food, material, energy resources and waste assimilation. The ecological deficit of Shenzhen City is due to dramatically changed regional landscape, leading to a conclusion that the EF of Special Zone is higher than other areas in Shenzhen. The EF of Shenzhen is also compared with those of several other Chinese cities, showing that the former is lower than Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Macao. The paper also comments on various methodological issues that have arisen in the calculation of Ecological Footprints. Finally, the policy improvements responding to the EF measure are suggested: controlling population through improving industry pattern, reducing consumption level and increasing ecological capacity.

Core Self-Evaluation: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

WU Chaorong,GAN Yiqun

2005, 41(4):  622-627. 

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In recent years, the foreign researchers proposed that selfesteem, general self-efficacy, locus of control and neuroticism construct a more global, more fundamental factor, named core self-evaluation. This factor was found to be related to job satisfaction and job performance. Using a sample of university undergraduate (n=244), the present study examines if the core self-evaluation fits in the Chinese culture. A second-order factor analysis is conducted, and the factor structure is found to be perfectly fitted. At last, suggestions are made for future research.

Analysis on Psychological Panic Phenomenon of SARS

XIE Xiaofei,ZHENG Rui,XIE Dongmei,WANG Hui

2005, 41(4):  628-639. 

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This study preliminarily explores people's psychological state resulted from SARS crisis using questionnaire survey. Both risk event characteristics and personal characters can influence subjects' perception, and accordingly disturb psychology and behaviour. The knowledge of SARS, risk characteristics, willingness, conformity, relying on family and so on, can predict one's psychological state to some extent. This study contemporarily probes into spread rule of psychological panic, and put forward "moderating effect of risk locus center" to explain psychological panic.

Expression of the Meridian Phenomenon in Mathematics

ZHANG Renxiang,ZHANG Renji

2005, 41(4):  640-641. 

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Is it possible to express the concept of life in mathematical terms? This is a challenge for life scientists. Meridian circulation is closely related to life. Life would end, if meridian circulation stops. Therefore, by analyzing the factors that influence the human meridian circulation, the mathematics of life may be derived: linking up capacity: U=f(a, b, c, ......); linking up efficiency: η=U_R/U_T, η<1. (a - vitality, b - reactive resistance,c - inducing factor, variation... etc., R - reality, T - theoretical.)

Exponential Relationship of the Sand-Dust Storm Occurrence Frequency and the Duration Time: N=A·10^-bt

LIU Guoliang,HAO Lizhen

2005, 41(4):  642-645. 

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The sanddust storm data compiled by the China State Meteorological Bureau for the period of 1960 to 2000 are analyzed to find the distribution of the sand-dust storm occurrence frequency against the duration time.There exits a universal relationship of N=A·10^-bt, where N is the number of sand-dust storm occurrence frequency with the duration time greater than t, A and b are constants. It is also shown that the constant b is related with the threshold wind speed for the sand-dust storm with bigger value of b less threshold wind speed for the occurrence of the sand-dust storm at that site. In fact, the large value of b is found in the Gobi and high mountainous regions whereas the small value of b in the sand and dry loess regions.