Abstract: As one of the major parts of environmental risk assessment, the ecological risk assessment provides tools or frameworks for ecological analysis and thus serves environmental risk management and decision-making. An overview is particularly made on basic concepts and primary methods for ecological risk assessment and management. Existing problems are discussed for current ecological risk assessment and practices, and perspectives are given in the paper.

Key words: ecological risk assessment, exposure assessment, ecological effects assessment, risk characterization

摘要： 生态风险评价是20世纪90年代以后兴起的新的研究领域，是环境风险评价的重要分支，也是环境管理和决策的科学基础。简要评述了生态风险评价相关的基本概念、评价方法和框架体系，重点讨论了生态风险评价的若干关键问题，并据此对生态风险评价研究的发展趋势进行了讨论。

关键词: 生态风险评价, 暴露评价, 生态效应评价, 风险表征