Table of Content

20 March 2003, Volume 39 Issue 2

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Total Synthesis of Acyl- and Alkyl- LPA

CHEN Jiahua,ZHANG Yandong

2003, 39(2):  151-157. 

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Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), including 1-acyl LPA and 1-O-alkyl LPA, were synthesized chemically as racemates. Through the same intermediate, 2-O-benzyl glycerol, they were respectively synthesized by six steps. The synthetic approach provided a facile method for the synthesis of LPA hapten that could be used to prepare LPA antigen for producing LPA antibodies.

High Accurate Computational Method and Program for Approximate Relativistic and Non-relativistic Density Functional Calculations

WANG Fan,HU Xiangqian,HONG Gongyi,LI Lemin

2003, 39(2):  145-150. 

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The function to perform approximate relativistic density functional calculations with the method proposed has been incorporated into the nonrelativistic density functional calculation program written by our group previously. The functions to generate symmetrical group orbitals by our new method and to implement the evaluation of analytical energy gradients as well as its use in automatic geometry optimization are also incorporated. The numerical quadrature scheme has also been improved. The parallel algorithm has been implemented in the program under MPICH scheme. The extended program satisfies generally the requirement of quantum chemistry calculations for various systems, especially for systems containing heavy elements. The feature, structure and functions of the program are briefly described.

Numerical Examination of Several Exchange Energy Functionals

ZHANG Yu,WANG Fan,LI Lemin

2003, 39(2):  158-166. 

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The accuracy of several density functionals for exchange energy (LDA, B88, BR89, B2000, VSX and CPX, a composite functional proposed in the present paper) has been examined through the calculation of a series of atoms and molecules by means of DFT method with different exchange potential functionals. The following conclusion can be drawn. The nonlocal correction improves significantly the calculated exchange energies for atoms, among them the functional B88 and CPX give the best results. For the molecules containing only light elements all examined exchange energy functinals, except LDA, give satisfactory atomization energies. The calculation accuracy is approximately equal to or better than that of MP2 approach. However, for the molecules containing heavy elements the error of the calculated atomization energies increases significantly in all cases, only the functionals B88, CPX and BR89 give relatively reliable results. The results calculated with the functionals VSX are even worse than those calculated with LDA. The nonlocal correction does not improve the calculated results of the first ionization potentials. Although the functional VSXC is successful when it is applied to the systems containing only light elements, its performance is bad when heavy elements are involved in the systems under consideration. The functional CPX shows pretty good performance. It seems possible to develop an exchange energy functional with high accuracy even for the calculation of heavy-elements containing systems through carefully optimizing the parameters involved in the functional CPX or some other composite exchange energy functionals.

Identification of Fatty Acids and Other Volatile Components of Mulgedium tatarica by GC-MS Spectrometry

REN Yulin,ZHOU Yawei,YE Yunhua

2003, 39(2):  167-170. 

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Fatty acids and other volatile components of Mulgedium tatarica was detected by GC-MS method for the first time. 17 compounds have been identified from the whole plant of M.tatarica. Fatty acid and paraffin are the main components. The content of fatty acid is 41.7%, and the content of hexadecanoic acid is 23.8%.

Tectonic Evolution of the Santanghu Basin, East Xinjiang and Its Implication for the Hydrocarbon Accumulation

ZHAO Zehui,GUO Zhaojie,ZHANG Chen,LU Jiemin

2003, 39(2):  219-228. 

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The Santanghu Basin is a middle-minor scale petroleum basin whose tectonic evolution has been very complex since late Paleozoic. Its evolutional history can be divided into three stages: formation of basement during Carboniferous to early Permian, development during late Permian to Cretaceous and reconstruction since Tertiary. It was an active continent margin in early Carboniferous when ancient Junggar oceanic basin was subducting to north. By the late Carboniferous time a collision occurred between the kazakhstanian plate and the Siberian plate. It was in a tectonic transform phase from collisional compression to post-collisional extension in early Permian. The Basin came into development stage during late Permian to Cretaceous including the extension and fault period of post-orogeny in late Permian, the compression and uplift period at end of Triassic, the extension and depression period from Jurassic to early Cretaceous, and the compression and thrust period at the end of early Cretaceous. During its tectonic evolution, the Santanghu Basin was in extensional setting in late Permian, in which three sets of hydrocarbon source rocks deposited. They are the Lucaogou Formation of upper permian, the Xiaoquangou Group of upper Triassic and Shuixigou Group of the lower-middle Jurassic, which are dominated by dark mudstone. The end of early Cretaceous and the late Eocene are two critical moments of the reservoir generation and accumulation in the Santanghu Basin due to the control of regional tectonic compression. Especially the reconstruction during the Late Cenozoic, which is of far reaching importance for the petroleum can enter into mature oil-generating stage or not.

Derivations and Empirical Analysis of the Allometric Equation and C-D-type Function on Geographical Systems of Cities

CHEN Yanguang

2003, 39(2):  229-235. 

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A Cobb-Douglas-function-type model on cities as systems is derived from general expressions on urban dynamic systems, y=kf_i(x₁, x₂,..., x_n), the model can be named C-D function of cities and written as y=μ∏x_ii^σ_i,where x_i(i=1, 2,..., n) represents some kind of measure on cities, y is output in some sense, k and μ both proportionality coefficients. Throught the allometric relationship between two elements of cities, x_i～x_j^α_ij, the C-D function can be transformed into the two-variable expression, y=η(x_i^b_i) (x_j^b_j). A number of equations of fractal dimension are deduced out such as α_ij=D_i/D_j=σ_j/σ_i=b_j/b_i, σ_iD_i=σ_jD_j. It is proved that the equation. σ_i/(w_ix_i)=σ_j/(w_jx_j), should be met in order to optimize urban structure and function. Taking the city of Zhengzhou as example, the models presented and advanced are verified and vindicated.

Synthesis and Structure of Compound [C(NH₂)₃]₂{[MoO(H₂O)C₂O₄]₂(μ-O)₂}·2H₂O

LI Qi,LIU Guang,ZHANG Shiwei

2003, 39(2):  171-177. 

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A new compound [C(NH₂)₃]₂{[MoO(H₂O)C₂O₄]₂(μ-O)₂}·2H₂O has been prepared and its crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. This compound consists of two edge-shared molybdenum-oxygen octahedra and all the Mo atoms are of charge +5. Mo centers are chelated by oxalates. Carbamidines [C(NH₂)₃]⁺ act as counter cations and take part in the construction of hydrogen bonds network. The crystal is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c, a=0.7956(2)nm, b=1.8996(4)nm, c=1.2832(3)nm, β=106.78(3)^o, V=1.8568(7)nm³, R₁=0.0243, ωR₂=0.0672.

The Evidence for the Existence of Intermediate-like Filaments in Carchesium polypinum

HU Guoqun,GAO Chongming

2003, 39(2):  178-181. 

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Using immuno-fluorescence labeling and immunoblot techniques, two intermediate filament-like proteins were identified in Carchesium polypinum. The molecular weights of these two proteins are 58ku and 66ku respectively. The 58ku protein reacts with anti-vimentin antibody and locates near the aboral wreath cilia. The other protein reacts with anti-lamin B antibody and is situated in the macronucleus. After the sequential fraction treatment, a nuclear lamina-like layer can be seen surrounding the macronucleus. Based on these results, it is concluded that intermediate-like filaments exist in Carchesium polypinum.

Dynamic Association of Histone H2A and Chromatin

GUO Yan,SUN Yuhui,WEI Chaoliang,DING Mingxiao,CHEN Jianguo

2003, 39(2):  182-186. 

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Histone and DNA bind together to form the nucleosome, but this tight binding can loose at some times to facilitate other proteins to interact with DNA. The authors constructed histone H2A-pEGFP and fibrillarin-pDsRed1 expression vectors, and studied the dynamics of H2A,using fluoresence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) techniques. It was showed that in a small number of interphase cells cultured in vitro, H2A not only distributed in the nucleoplasm, but also congregated in the nucleolar area. The FRAP analysis indicated that H2A in the nucleolar area moved remarkably faster than that in the nucleoplasm. It suppose that nucleolus may be as a pool of histone H2A at some special time during cell cycle.

Effects of Strong Winds on Sandstorms in Xinjiang

CHEN Hongwu,WANG Xu,MA Yu

2003, 39(2):  187-193. 

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With observational data spanning 1961-1999 from 90 meteorological stations in Xinjiang, the spatial and temporal characteristics of sandstorms and strong winds, and the contribution of strong winds to the occurrence of sandstorms are analyzed. Moreover, the dominant wind direction and minimum wind speeds during sandstorm periods are discussed. The research shows that although possessing similar climatic trends, sandstorms and strong winds in Xinjiang have opposite geographical distributions, i.e. places with more sandstorms show fewer strong winds. The contribution of strong winds to sandstorms in northern Xinjiang is larger than that in southern Xinjiang. The dominant wind directions clearly indicate the paths of the weather systems that introduced the sandstorms. The minimum wind speeds in the sandstorms were over 10m/s in northern and eastern Xinjiang and in the Turpan and Yanqi Basins of southern Xinjiang. In Tarim Basin of southern Xinjiang, however, the minimum wind speed was about 6～8m/s, and even 6m/s at its southern edge.

Petrological and Structural Characteristics of the Zunhua Neoarchaean Ophiolitic Mélange:
Proof of the Operation of Ancient Plate Tectonics

HUANG Xiongnan,LI Jianghai,CHEN Zheng,LIU Zhiqiang

2003, 39(2):  200-210. 

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In the north of Zunhua, plentiful structural lenses of basic and ultra-basic rocks including metamorphosed diabases (amphibolites), layer gabbros, ultramafic cumulates and mantle peridotites, are scattered in the strongly sheared Neoarchaean gneiss. The basic and ultra-basic rocks are comparable to a modern ophiolite suite and make up of an ophiolitic mélange in the strongly deformed gneiss. The podiform chromite associated with these structural lenses is only reported in ophiolites. Therefore, it is a convincing evidence for the existence of a Neoarchaean ophiolite in China. The Zunhua Neoarchaean ophiolitic mélange proves the operation of plate tectonics in North China 2500Ma ago.

Study on the Characters of Recently Deposited Soil in State Beijing Grand Theater

LI Shude,YUAN Renmao,REN Mingda,YUE Shengyang,SUN Hongwei

2003, 39(2):  194-199. 

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By analyzing results of routine soil test about the site of State Beijing Grand Theater and the other several sites around State Beijing Grand Theater and observing the geo-technical sections in situ, the authors analyzed the general characters of recently deposited soil in State Beijing Grand Theater area, studied the relativity of several key indexes by the statistical method, and indicated that void characters of soil is one of the key factors which affect property of recently deposited soil.

Conodont Fauna of Late Upper Permian in Xinfeng Area, Jiangxi Province

WU Guichun,YAO Jianxin,JI Zhansheng

2003, 39(2):  211-218. 

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A detailed research has been worked on the Late Upper Permian conodont fauna of Tieshikou section in Xinfeng area, Jiangxi province. Based on the previous study and new materials, three conodont zones were described. In descending order, they were Clarkina changxingensis yini zone,Clarkina postwangi zone and Clarkina changxingensis zone. In addition, the authors also discussed the conodont zonal division of Late Upper Permian strata in Meishan section, Changxing county, Zhejiang province. Different from the former study, four zones and two subzones were proposed. Finally, a precise correlation between Tieshikou section and Meishan section, the GSSP of Perminan-Triassic boundary was done.

Land Use Pattern and Influential Factors in Hexi Corridor:
A Case Study of Zhangye Oasis

MENG Jijun,LI Zhengguo

2003, 39(2):  236-243. 

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Based on the interpretation of composite image of band 4, 3, 2 of Landsat 5 taken in 2000 according to land resources classification system of 1∶100000 in Resources and Environmental Database of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), the authors carried out the study on land use pattern of Zhangye oasis in the middle of Hexi Corridor. Canonical correlation analysis(CCA)was also applied to analyze the land use pattern and influential factors, by which the authors drew the contributions of each factor to the forming of land use pattern. At the same time, the authors used the coefficient of CCA and redundancy degree to verify the analysis results. The results show that the land use pattern is influence comprehensively by both natural factors and social-economic factors. Influential factors extracted by quantitative analysis consist of annual average precipitation, annaual average evaporation, annual average air temperature, total population, GDP and total cultivated area. The distribution of cropland correlates to cultivated area and total population positively, which shows that corpland will increase with the expanding of population. While the distribution of woodland shows strong positive correlation to annual precipitation and negative correlation to annual average temperature, from which it can be inferred that woodland is mainly controlled by precipitation and also constrained by local air temperature. Land of urban and built up correlates to GDP positively, but correlate to annual evaporation negatively, which implicates that as GDP increases, land of urban and built up will also expand. But drought is not good to the distribution of urban and built up.

A Case Study of Ozone Source Apportionment in Beijing

WANG Xuesong,LI Jinlong

2003, 39(2):  244-253. 

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The Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx), a 3-D Eulerian regional air quality model, was used to simulate the tropospheric photochemical pollution in Beijing and Tianjin areas. Ozone Source Apportionment Technology (OSAT) was applied to track the contributions of multiple source areas and source categories to ozone formation in Beijing. The results showed that the source emissions in the urban and suburban areas of Beijing contributed much to ozone formation in local and downwind areas; among all the source categories, mobile source contributed most to ozone formation, followed by the pollutants from oil products and organic solvents and those emitted by industrial source, while biogenic source and other anthropogenic area source contributed less in Beijing. The results also showed that the ozone episode in Beijing area was regional in extent, meteorological fields and pollutant emissions were important impact factors to ozone formation and distribution.

Efficiency and Operating Parameters of Bio-ceramic Filter for the Pretreatment of Eutrophic Reservoir Water

WU Weizhong,XING Chuanhong,WANG Zhansheng

2003, 39(2):  262-269. 

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A pilot scale ceramic bead biofilter(CBB)is investigated on the pretreatment of eutrophic reservoir water. Significant removals of COD_Mn, NH₃-N, NO₂^--N, Turbidity, total Algae, Manganese and THMFP were observed in the range of 19.3%～35%, 89%～96.5%, 97.5%～99%, 57.5%～69%, 60.1%～84.3%, 59%～84.6% and 10.4%～24.8%, respectively. The optimal operating conditions were recommended as hydraulic loading of 4～6m/h, air-to-water ratio at 0.75 and backwashing interval of 3～7d.

Characteristics of Co-compost of Vegetable Wastes and Flower Stalks and Isolation of Lignocelluloses-degrading Microorganisms from the Co-compost

QIU Xiangyang,LU Wenjing,HUNAG Dingxi,HUNAG Deyang,WANG Hongtao,GAO Haijun

2003, 39(2):  254-261. 

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A co-composting system was set up to study the characteristics of the mixed composting of vegetable wastes and flower stalks. The result showed that an ideal fermentation state could be achieved when vegetable wastes and flower stalks were mixed at the weight ratio of 2∶3 and at a ventilation rate of 0.3m³/h in a 100L composting reactor. Some effective cellulose-degrading microorganisms were screened and isolated at the different stages of co-composting on cellulose Congo red agar using cellulose as sole carbon source, among which, 7 were fungi and other 25 were bacterial. All isolates grew quite well on cellulose Congo red agar and clear zone appeared around the colonies. Four highly effective combinations were obtained by means of orthogonal test, which showed the ability of initiating filter paper degradation in three days' incubation in broth medium. The study provided the evidence for the feasibility of developing the active microorganism with high capability of degrading cellulose components in order to enhance the degradation of flower stalks during the co-composting of vegetable wastes and flower stalks and solved the problem of the unsynchronous fermentation of different substrates in the system.

Analysis on Gender Difference in Optimism and Risk-taking

XIE Xiaofei

2003, 39(2):  270-276. 

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This study designs two kinds of variables to measure the characteristics of optimistic attitude by questionnaire methods. The results show that the gender difference generally exists in optimism and risk-taking tendency of an individual. But it displays dissimilar forms in the two kinds of variables. The gender difference in optimistic variables is implicit and complicated, which presents the interaction of the main dimensions of optimistic variables, namely positive expectancy and negative expectancy. In the other hand, it in risk-taking variables accords completely with the traditional conception toward the expectation of gender that male is more risk-taking than female does. Both variables, gender and optimism, can predict the risk-taking tendency of an individual.

A New Method for α-Alkylation of γ-Butyrolactone

MENG Yuanru,GUAN Yedi

2003, 39(2):  277-280. 

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The α-alkylation products of γ-butyrolactone can be gained via two simple and convenient steps:(E)-α-Alkenyl-γ-butyrolactone compounds were synthesized from condensation of corresponding aromatic aldehydes and γ-butyrolactone, using common base such as MeONa and EtONa. Then the (E)-α-Alkenyl-γ-butyrolactones were reduced to α-alkyl-γ-butyrolactones by using sodium hypophosphite with Pd/C catalyst, which is named to be reaction of catalytic transfer hydrogenation.

Estimation of the Carbon Dioxide Discharges at the Aluminum Factory of Fria Kimbo City (ACG) in Republic of Guinea

Ahmed Tidiane Diallo,MAO Jietai,Mamadou Lamabana Diallo,Idrissa Diaby,Thiemo Souleymane Diallo,Dioumessy Bengaly

2003, 39(2):  281-285. 

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The authors evaluated the atmospheric pollution in the Kimbo Fria aluminum factory (Guinea). This work is based in the estimation of the carbonize gas emission sulfuric anhydride emission and diverse dust emission. These estimations are made on the base of the methodology proposed by the intergovernmental group on the climate evaluation (IPCC). These propositions of quantities and qualities measures diminution ravages of the atmospheric pollution are recommended.

Progress in Burnout Research

LI Jing

2003, 39(2):  286-290. 

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The conceptualization, measurement, causes, and intervention of burnout are reviewed; a great number of research results are introduced; some research directions in this field are discussed.