Table of Content

20 July 2001, Volume 37 Issue 4

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Formation of the p-Toluenesulphinyl Anion from the Diester of N-Tosyl Alanine with 2, 6-Bis(hydroxylmethyl) pyridine and Its Nucleophilic Addition Product with 2, 6-Bis(chloromethyl) pyridine

CHEN Yantao,HUA Wenting

2001, 37(4):  439-443. 

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The mechanism of the formation of 2, 6-bis(hydroxymethyl) pyridine di-p -toluenesulphinate(3) and its mass spectrum were studied in detail.

Gold Stripping from Loaded Organic Phase in Quaternary Amine System by Glycol and Diglylenethioether

JIANG Jianzhun,ZHOU Weijin,GAO Hongcheng,WU Jinguang,XU Guangxian,CHEN Jing

2001, 37(4):  433-438. 

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Gold(Ⅰ) Stripping from loaded organic phase in quaternary ammonium(TDMBAC) system with glycol and diglylenethioether were studied by ¹⁹⁸Au tracer method. The influence of several variables such as stripping agent concentrations, the volume ratio of gold loaded organic phase and stripping agents, ethanol concentrations on the gold(Ⅰ) stripping, and the continuous extraction and stripping were studied under 25℃. It is found that both GLY and DGTE are excellent stripping agents. While the volume percentage of GLY is more than 90% or that of DGTE is more than 70%, the stripping percentage is higher than 90%. Moderate ethanol can enhance the stripping of gold(Ⅰ) in both systems but organic phase especially TBP can be solubilized into aqueous phase as the concentration of ethanol is too high. The organic phase can be reused if stripping agents do not contain ethanol. It is also found that both NaClO₄and NH₄SCN are excellent stripping agents.

Ultrastructural Studies on Megasporogenesis in Triticum aestivum L.

LI Ling,JI Chengjun,YOU Ruilin

2001, 37(4):  444-453. 

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Ultrastructural changes of the megasporogenesis of Triticum aestivum L were studied. During the meiotic process of megasporocyte, the ribosome population diminished greatly in prophase I and restored in metaphase I; plastids and mitochondria turned unclear (dedifferentiation) in prophase I and recovered their normal structures (redifferentiation) in metaphase I. All these proved that cytoplasmic reorganization took place during the megasporogenesis of Triticum aestivum. It was also found that the nuclear envelope disappeared earlier at the micropylar end than that at the chalazal end. The speed of the programmed cell death were different in three nonfunctional megaspores at the micropylar end and their relationships with the neighboring cells were also different. The biological significance was discussed about these phenomenon.

The Faunal Study on the Butterflies of the South Slope of Qinling Mountains

ZHOU Xin,SUN Lu,PAN Wenshi,Lü Zhi,NI Yinong

2001, 37(4):  454-469. 

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The scope of the fauna and geographical vertical distribution of the butterflies of the south slope of Qinling Mountains are studied. The investigators try to illustrate the conservation value of the Giant Pandas' habitat through the study which spans 8 years. 191 species are recorded, 3 of them are China's new records, and 44 of them are new records of Shanxi Province. The result of a serious of analysises shows that the percentages of Oriental species, Palearctic species and widely distributive species are 40.8%, 20.9% and 31.9% respectively. The fauna of butterflies of the south slope has the character of intergradation which is correlated to the geographic location of the Qinling Mountains. The obstruction of Qinling to Oriental species is more obvious to Palearctic species. The area in question has great conservation value as following aspects: (1) The population of butterfly shows great species abundance; (2) The heterogeneity of habitat revealed by the presence of multi-subspecies and multi-morphological species provides animals a steady habitat; (3) The faunal character and vertical distribution of butterflies show great value of ecological study; (4) The mid-mountain (800～2600m) that has better environmental condition and less human disturbance is a typical shelter for the wild animals.

Expression and Properties of the α Domain of Human Metallothionein-3

WANG Hansong,YU Meimin,RU Binggen

2001, 37(4):  470-476. 

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According to the E.coli preference codon, six DNA fragments of α domain of human metallothionein-3(α-MT-3) were synthesized and cloned into the vector pGEX-4T-1. Upon IPTG induction, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-α fusion protein was efficiently expressed in E.coli. After digestion by thrombin (combined with CdCl₂ or ZnSO₄), the desired protein binding Cd²⁺ or Zn²⁺ was released, which was confirmed by molecular mass and amino acid composition analysis. Ultraviolet (UV) and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectra were used to test the secondary structure of α-MT-3. Distinct from other α-MT, α-MT-3 showed a negative trough at about 220nm in the CD spectrum, suggesting that an α-helix might exist in its secondary structure.

Cre/loxP-mediated Deletion of Transgene in Transgenic Tobacco

ZHEN Wei,WANG Yangming,DING Wei,CHEN Xi,Hu Yuanlei,LIN Zhongping

2001, 37(4):  477-482. 

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In the present study, we develop an efficient method to be used to examine recombination efficiency of transgenic plantlet. Two constructs,one containing Cre recombinase under the control of 35S promoter (p35S/Cre) and the other containing a uidA gene driven by 35S promoter flanked by loxP site (loxP/35S/GUS/loxP), were simultaneously introduced into tobacco by cotransformation method. The results show that Cre-loxP system can precisely and efficiently direct deletion of transgene based on Gus assay, PCR analysis and sequence of recombination DNA fragment, but also find that incomplete deletion exist in partial plant.

Comparison of Structures between Crystals of Bar-headed Goose Hemoglobin Grown in Space and Earth

LIANG Yuhe,ZHA Zheng,HUA Ziqian,LIANG Xue,XU Qian,LU Guangying

2001, 37(4):  483-489. 

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During the experiment of protein crystal growth in space carried by Chinese re-entry capsule FSW-2, the crystals of Bar-headed Goose hemoglobin suitable for X-ray analysis were obtained both in space and earth as contrast group. The diffraction data of both crystals were collected, and the structures were solved using molecule replacement methods. The comparison of structures in space and earth indicate that, (1) The interactions among molecules in crystal and subunits of molecule in space is weakened relative to the crystal on earth, (2) There is a contact in the α₁β₂“switch region” of molecule in space, between α₁ Thr41CG2 and β₂ His97ND1, which doesn't appear in earth.

Construction and Expression of Chimeric Antithrombotics with Hirudin and RGD Sequence

ZHOU Xue,HUANG Yixiu,ZHU Shenggeng

2001, 37(4):  490-495. 

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Based on the structure and function analysis of hirudin, a potent thrombin inhibitor, and some platelet aggregation inhibitors, which contain the recognition sequence Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD)as their functional motif, two chimeric antithrombotic molecules were designed by introducing RGD sequence to hirudin C terminus. These chimera genes were constructed by PCR and inserted into the expression vector pET-21a(+), the constructs were confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequence analysis. These recombinant plasmids were transformed into E.coli strain BL21(DE3), and gene expression was induced by IPTG. The target proteins were directed into the periplasmic space by the staphylococcal protein A(SPA)signal sequence preceding the RGD-hirudin gene. Using ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography, the chimera proteins were purified, and both of them showed a single band in Tricine-SDS-PAGE.The results of activity analysis suggested that these two chimera proteins not only have antithrombin activities, but gain platelet aggregation inhibitory activities as well.

Environmental Policy Innovation:Discussion on Implementing Environmental Tax in China

ZHANG Shiqiu,HE Hongyan,CAO Jing

2001, 37(4):  550-556. 

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The Authors analyze feasibility to introduce environmental tax system in China in the context of economic transition and globalization of economy, and further discuss the advantages of environmental tax compared with command-control policy, pollution charges system, and emission trading. The Authors conclude that the institutional arrangements and social economic conditions in China can not support the implementation of emission trading, the environmental policy should consider transform gradually from co-existence of charges and tax to mainly depends on environmental tax.

Remote Sensing Information Model and Geographic Mathematics

MA Ainai

2001, 37(4):  557-562. 

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This paper is an academic thesis about remote sensing information model and geographical mathematics. The author have studied a lot of remote sensing information models and geographical image information models. According to geographical regularity the author advance non-linear mathematics method which is geographical complex phenomena both of certainty and uncertainty to combine in an equation. That is from formal logic inferring to dialectical logic calculation. Moreover, it is from abstract thinking to both of abstract and visualized thinking, which is image joining equation calculated. Make a suggestion that the geographical parameters are different from the physics variables. Thus initiate based on geographical science for mathematics. There are 4 parts as follows in this paper: (1) the regularity of geographical phenomena; (2) general equation of remote sensing information model; (3) geographical parameters and geographical indexes; (4) significance of geographical image information models.

Study of Tea Polyphenol on the Reverse of Carcinoma Cell Lines' Multidrug Resistance

ZHU Aizhi,WANG Xiangyun,JIN Shan,GUO Zhenquan

2001, 37(4):  496-501. 

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MDR1 express product P-glycoprotein was detected by immunocytochemical method and flowcytometry. The cytotoxicity and multidrug resistance reversion effect of tea polyphenol was examined by MTT assay in MCF-7 and MCF-7/Adr carcinoma cell lines, and compared with Pgp inhibitor quinidine. The Pgp expression of MCF-7/Adr was strongly positive, the positive rate was 15%; the Pgp expression of MCF-7 was negative, the positive rate was 1.8%. IC50 of tea polyphenol to MCF-7 and MCF-7/Adr is 115.2μg/mL and 207.6μg/mL respectively. IC50 of quinidine to MCF-7 and MCF-7/Adr is 129.8μmol/L(42.1μg/mL)and 94.1μmol/L(30.5μg/mL)respectively. Tea polyphenol and quinidine changed little toxicity of adriamycin to MCF-7, but tea polyphenol and quinidine improved the sensitivity of MCF-7Adr to adriamycin significantly. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry can detect P-glycoprotein expression level qualitatively and quantitatively. Tea polyphenol is not only an anti-tumor agent, but also a multidrug resistant modulator similar as quinidine. Tea polyphenol is advantageous for its little toxicity in tumor treatment.

Kinematic Analysis of Porphyroclasts in Shear Zones and Viscoelastic Simulation Using Finite Element Method

LIANG Haihua,LIU Shuwen,ZHENG Yadong

2001, 37(4):  502-507. 

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Numerical viscoelastic modeling for porphyroclast rotation in ductile shear zones is done by a viscoelastic finite element program based on detailed investigation to three ductile shear zones, the Taihangshan Mountains, North China. In this model porphyroclast (garnet) is assumed as isotropic elastic material with small elastic deformation, while the matrix (quartz, feldspar) as viscous fluid (Maxwell material) which has increasing deformation with time. The viscosity of matrix is supposed to be 10²⁰Pa·s, which is varied in alternating models to discuss the effect of visvosity on deformation because it is hard to estimate the true value of the crust. Some results acquired by computer calculation show that the rigid garnet porphyroclasts can rotate as the matrix flows, and the rotational degree depends on the shear stress, shear strain, ratio of porphroclasts to matrix and the locations of porphyroclasts in the zone.

Using Paleontological Clock to Explore the Extraterrestrial Impact

SHEN Bing,WEN Yanjun,BAI Zhiqiang

2001, 37(4):  508-514. 

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Contrasting the curve derived from the theory of the evolution of the earth-moon system with the ones based on the analysis of the shelly fossils distributed over the period from Ordovician to modern time reveals great discrepancy. Two turning points exist in the curves based on data analysis. The times of these two points coincident with the occurrence of the largest two extinctions in Permian-Triassic and Cretaceous-Tertiary, which is extensively believed to be results of the extraterrestrial impact. Further analysis on the sedimentary facies of these two boundaries throughout the world, which are previously thought of as a world-wide regression provide us more eloquent records. The mutation of interaction and the phase lag between the earth and the moon caused by extraterrestrial impact, from which the obvious mutation of the torque of the tidal force resulted, give us a reasonable interpretation on these two turning points.

Cenozoic Tectonics and Oil-gas Perspectives in Tadjik and Southwestern Tarim Depression

WANG Suhua,QIAN Xianglin

2001, 37(4):  523-528. 

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Situated at the both E & W sides of Pamir, the S W Tarim and Tadjik basins have the similar evolution history of tectono sedimentary processes during Cenozoic, i.e. steady subsidence with transgressive sequence in Paleogene and speedy subsidence with continental molasse-type sediments in strong compressive tectonic environment in Neogene-Quaternery. Since Neogene, for the effect of Pamir and west Kunlun's northward moving and thrusting,there is complicated tectono-structural deformation taking place in Tadjik and SW Tarim. Neogene stratigraphic combination and later structural deformation of Tadjik basin and southwestern Tarim much resemble each other in terms of extent of transpressional processes. Paleogene in Tadjik basin is main oil-bearing sequence and many substantial oil-gas fields there have been found. So, it can be assured in comparison that there is oil-gas perspective also in southwestern Tarim region.

Study on the Desertification of Ecotone Lands

LIANG Jingjing

2001, 37(4):  543-549. 

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This research provides an analysis of the integrated mechanism of the emergence and expansion of the different types of desert lands, and compares this mechanism with the theory of Ecotone. The paper discusses the relationship between ecological fragility and desertification. It concludes that with the environmental vulnerabilities, ecotone lands are easily desertified under the adverse human exploitation. Because exploitation of the Ecotone lands makes the environment more vulnerable, human should act to use the lands in a way compatible with the environment. The control of desertification is also discussed.

Lattice Preffered Orientation and Seismic Anisotropy of Ultramafic Xenoliths in Damaping, Hebei Province

MA Fang,JIN Shuyan,Kern H

2001, 37(4):  515-522. 

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The LPO of main minerals of ultramafic xenoliths including spinel lherzolite, spinel harzburgite and plagioclasebearing websterite which collected from Damaping, Hebei Province is analyzed and the seismic velocities of the rocks in X, Y, Z directions are obtained by two means: calculation and measure. Our investigations are summed as follows: 1) The LPO relations between olivine and orthopyroxene are different from usually situations:［100］_ol//［001］_opx,［010］_ol//［100］_opx,［001］_ol//［010］_opx; 2)The seismic anisotropy of the ultramafic rocks in Damaping is obvious. Their characters are consistent with the structures of the rocks and fabrics of minerals, which means seismic anisotropy is mainly controlled by rocks'fabrics; 3) Seismic velocities suggest that the composition of upper mantle in Damaping region is resemble to the xenoliths, which major component is lherzolite.

New Progress of the Study on Late Ordovician-Early Carboniferous Stratigraphic Division and Correlation in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang

JIANG Dayong,HAO Weicheng,BAI Shunliang,WANG Xinping,YAO Jianxin

2001, 37(4):  529-536. 

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The Late Ordovician-Silurian-Devonian-Early Carboniferous stratigraphic division and correlation, including the chronologic correlation of the Donghe Sandstone, which are the old great difficult key stratigraphic problems interfering with the development of the oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin, are synthetic studied by systematically applying chemo-biostratigraphy. Several important relevant stratigraphic boundaries are recognized, and the Donghe Sandstone is attributed to the Frasnian, Late Devonian. The results of the study in particular proves that chemo-biostratigraphy has great significance and is a practical tool for high resolution stratigraphic division and correlation, especially for the region and/or the bed with rare fossils.

Problems in Exploiting Groundwater and Sustainable Development Countermeasures in Suxichang Area

YUAN Renmao,CHENG Suozhong,TAO Yun,XU Haipeng

2001, 37(4):  537-542. 

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In a long time, a series of environmental geology calamities were caused by excess drawing ground-water in Suxichang area. All these calamities not only brought huge economic loss but also affected the development of cities and deteriorated investment environment in this area. So, it is very important for the economic sustainable development in this area to adopt practical measures to prevent and cure the environmental geology calamities.

Terrestrial Net Primary Production and Its Spatio-temporal Patterns in China during 1982—1999

PIAO Shilong,FANG Jingyun,GUO Qinghua

2001, 37(4):  563-569. 

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The net primary production (NPP) of Chinese terrestrial vegetation during 1982—1999 (excluding 1994 because of missing data) was estimated, and its spatio-temporal patterns were explored, based on the CASA (Carnegie-Ames -Stanford Approach) model and using remote sensing imagery (NOAA/AVHRR) and land spatial data of vegetation, climate, soil and solar radiation. As results, terrestrial NPP in China indicated a significant increase over the past 18 years, with an average value of 1.8PgC and a mean increasing rate of 0.024PgC·a^-1. The NPPs in alpine meadow vegetation, evergreen broadleaf and evergreen needle-leaf forests showed a marked increase. Precipitation is a limiting factor for terrestrial NPP in China.

The Reaction Mechanism and Synthetic Application of α-Diazo Carbonyl Compounds

JIANG Nan,WANG Lin,WANG Jianbo

2001, 37(4):  570-576. 

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α-Diazo carbonyl compounds can be decomposed under various conditions and result in diverse types of chemical transformations. For this reason, their application in organic synthesis have attracted considerable attention. In order to gain deep insight into the mechanism of the synthetically well established Rh(Ⅱ) mediated intramolecular C-H insertion reaction,the classic physical organic chemistry method, the Hammett linear free energy correlation, has been applied. In the development of new synthetic methodologies of α-diazo carbonyl compounds, it was found that Cu(acac)₂ can effectively promote the diazo decomposition and resulted in selective intramolecular N-H insertion. On the other hand, the Wolff rearrangement of the α-diazo carbonyl compounds catalyzed by Ag(Ⅰ) has been applied to the efficient synthesis of optically pure γ-lactams.

The Reaction Mechanism and Synthetic Application of α-Diazo Carbonyl Compounds

JIANG Nan,WANG Lin,WANG Jianbo

2001, 37(4):  570-576. 

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α-Diazo carbonyl compounds can be decomposed under various conditions and result in diverse types of chemical transformations. For this reason, their application in organic synthesis have attracted considerable attention. In order to gain deep insight into the mechanism of the synthetically well established Rh(Ⅱ) mediated intramolecular C-H insertion reaction, the classic physical organic chemistry method, the Hammett linear free energy correlation, has been applied. In the development of new synthetic methodologies of α-diazo carbonyl compounds, it was found that Cu(acac)₂ can effectively promote the diazo decomposition and resulted in selective intramolecular N-H insertion. On the other hand, the Wolff rearrangement of the α-diazo carbonyl compounds catalyzed by Ag(Ⅰ) has been applied to the efficient synthesis of optically pure γ-lactams.

Isotopic Geochemical Studies on Global Change

SUN Yanrong,MU Zhiguo,CUI Haiting

2001, 37(4):  577-586. 

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The global change study is one of the most spectacular and interesting environment scientific questions in the 1990's. The message of Global Change stores in tree rings, ice core, loess, underground water, lake sediment and deep sea sediment, all these proxies record the information of global change. With the advances in stable isotope techniques, the isotopic tracer records the message of climatic variation and becomes a powerful tool that can understand paleoenvironment reconstruction and modern environment changing.