Table of Content

20 March 1995, Volume 31 Issue 2

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A Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Egg with Preserved Genetic Information from Xixia Basin, Henan, China: Structure, Mineral-Chemical and Taphonomical Analyses

ZHANG Yun,FANG Xiaosi

1995, 31(2):  129-139. 

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Ancient DNAs representing part of genes have been obtained from the flocculent inclusions of the Late Cretaceous dinosaur egg, collected from Xixia Basin, Henan Province. The eggshell shows same microstructural pattern as that previously described for dinosaur eggs by many authors. The intact eggshell and the secondary calcite layer beneath the eggshell enclosed the internal egg-cavity, in which the flocculent inclusions occured. The inclusions are composed mainly offibrous palygorskite and amorphous organic residure. It is possible that the anaerobic conditions within the cavity prevented the biomo-lecules from degradation, and the palygor-skite with its complex mineral structure were advantageous to the preservation of the DNAs. Stratigraphic occurrence, mineral and elemental composition, as well as taphonomical aspect of the egg fossil are reported and discussed in this paper.

Molecular Cloning and Sequencing the 18S rDNA from Specialized Dinosaur Egg Fossil Found in Xixia Henan, China

AN Chengcai,LI Yi,ZHU Yuxian,SHEN Xing,ZHANG Yun,YOU Lingtao,LIANG Xiaowen,LI Xiaohua,WU Si,WU Peng,GU Hongya,ZHOU Zengquan,CHEN Zhanglian

1995, 31(2):  140-147. 

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We have extracted DNA from the inclusion of a dinosaur egg fossil from the Late Cretaceous in Xixia Henan, China. DNA fragments are isolated from the floccus in the cavity of the egg fossil, and confirmed by the method of random primer isotope labelling. Their size ranges from tens base pairs to one thousand base pairs, and most of them are less than four hundred base pairs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is performed with the specific 18S rDNA primers and the extracted DNA as template, and DNA fragments about 200 base pairs are obtained. After ligation, transformation and screening, we get six positive clones. Sequence analysis and homology comparison reveal that these fragments have high homology with the 18S rDNA of Amphlbia, Reptile, Aves and Humanin order, but no significant homology with prokaryotes. The same sequenceshave not been found in the EMBL data bank.

DNA Ioslation and Sequence Analysis of Dinosaur DNA from Cretaceous Dinosaur Egg in Xixia Henan, China

LI Yi,AN Chengcai,ZHU Yuxian,ZHANG Yun,LIU Yifei,QU Lin,YOU Lingtao,LIANG Xiaowen,LI Xiaohua,QU Lijia,ZHOU Zengquan,CHEN Zhangliang

1995, 31(2):  148-152. 

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DNA was extracted from 70-80 million year old dinosaur egg excavated from Cretaceous belt formation in Xixia Henan, China. The DNA samples from both outer shell and inner floccule contents were used as templates in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with a specific primer andhexamers. With these two primers a 150bp DNA fragment has been amplified, cloned and sequenced. Deduced amino acid sequence of this dinosaur DNA hasbeen compared with known protein sequences in EMBL Bank. The results showedthat it has significant homology with Xenopus laevis epithelia precuraor-EP-cadherin (40.6%) and brain-cadherin (37.5%), bovine placental cadherin (34.4%) and human placental cadherin (36.4%), respectively.

Effect of Molecular Structure of Surfactants on the Temperature of Miniemulsion Formation

LI Wailang,HOU Xiyan,DAI Lero

1995, 31(2):  153-158. 

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The effect of the difference in the HC chain lengthand the double bond (in the HC chain) of the mixed surfactantson the temperature of miniemulsion formation were studied. For the systems studied in this work,the greater the difference inthe HC chain length of the mixed surfactants, the lower the temperature of the miniemulsion formation. The presence of the double bond in the surfactant HC chain may also depress the temperature of miniemulsionformation. The formation temperature ofminiemulsions can be depressed to even lower in the case of coexistence of the above mentioned two factors. A viewpoint was proposed that the mixed film with less compactness was favorable to the formation of miniemulsions.

A Study on the Composition of Top Note of Litchi in Fujian

XING Qiyi,JIN Sheng,LIN Zuming,WANG Xianlun,CHEN Qingzhi,LUO Xinling

1995, 31(2):  159-165. 

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The volatile constituents of Litchi have been investigated bythe combined technique of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 34 components were identified and confirmed. From them the compounds containing oxygen are more than 80%.

Electrochemical Behaviour of Europium (Ⅲ)-Oxine System at a Nafion Chemically Modified Electrode

YE Xianzeng,CHEN Dingfeng

1995, 31(2):  166-172. 

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Electrochemical behaviour of Eu(Ⅲ)-Oxine system at a Nafion polymer film electrode was studied by using single sweep voltammetry. The results showed that the electroreduction of Eu(Ⅲ)-Oxine complex in acetic buffer solution (pH5.6) at a Nafion film electrode appeared at about -0.93V(vs.SCE). Under an optimal condition, the peak current is proportional to the concentration of Eu(Ⅲ) in the range from 1.0×10^-7to 1.0×10^-5mol/L. Eu₂O₃ content inluminous material has been determined by this method. On the basis of the results of a series comparative experiments, the possible mechanism of electrochemical reaction of Eu(Ⅲ)Oxine complex has been proposed. Chronocoulometry was applied to determine the apparent diffusion coefficient of charge transportin polymer film and the mean of which is (2.0±0.4)×10^-11cm²/s.

Determination of Trace ¹⁴C in Nuclear Reactor Cooling Water

XIE Jinglin,LIU Xinqi,WANG Shuxuan,QU Chuanxing,ZHU Aijun,LIU Yuanfang

1995, 31(2):  173-182. 

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For determining the trace ¹⁴C in nuclear reactor coolingwater, two methods based on sorption of ¹⁴CO₂ in a solution and subsequent liquit scintillation (LS) counting of the ¹⁴C were developed. Initially, a water sample was acidified by H₂SO₄ and distilled in a distillator to produce ¹⁴CO₂ gas which was converted from CO^2-₃ anion in the water. In the first method of Ca¹⁴CO₃ formation, ¹⁴CO₂ gas was collected as Ca¹⁴CO₃ precipitate by NaOH and CaCl₂ solution, and then Ca¹⁴CO₃ was dispersed in a colloidal liquid scintillator (toluene : TritonX-100 : water = 2 : 1 : 1.5) for LS counting. The sorption yield was >90%. The detection limit of this sorption in Ca¹⁴CO₃-LS method was 3.3×10^-10g/L. In the method of sorption by organic alkali, ¹⁴CO₂ gas was absorbed by an ethanolamine cocktail(PPO 6g, POPOP 0.2g, ethanolamine 120mL, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether 400mL, toluene 480mL) which can be directly counted in a LS counter. The sorption yield was also >90%, and the detection range of ¹⁴C concentration was wider, and the detection limit was improvedto 3.3×10^-11g/L, lower than the previous one order of magnitude. By taking the second method, cooling water samples from two nuclear reactors were assayed. ¹⁴C content of the samples taken from a reactor of the Chinese Institute of Nuclear. Energy was determined as 5.0×10^-11g/L. In the same samples 6 other trace radionuclides (⁵⁸Co, ⁴⁶Sc, ⁵⁴Mn, ^110mAg, ⁶⁰Co and ⁵¹Cr),ranging from 0.40 to 30.0 Bq/L in specific activity, were also detected by γ-ray spectrum measurement. Whereas, no radioactivity was detected in another reactor water sample.

The Study on the Conductivity of ZnCl2/Molecular Sieve Solid Electrolytes

YANG Huaquan,ZHANG Jingfang,WU Qun,YANG Wenzhi

1995, 31(2):  183-191. 

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The A C impedance method was used to studying the conductivity of ZnCl2/molecular sieve solid electrolytes(MSE). It was found that condutivity of MSE depends on it's water content. ～10% water content is the saturate point of absorptive water of MSE conceivably. The conductivity of MSE changes withit's water content and the mechanism of it's the conductivity were discussed.

Study on the Polarographic Adsorptive Complex Wave of Antimony(III)-Rutin

ZHANG Chenzhi,LI Nanqiang

1995, 31(2):  192-197. 

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In the buffer solution of 0.2mol/L HAc-NaAc, at pH 4.5, a sensitive adsorptive complex wave of Sb(III)-rutin can be obtained by using single-sweep polarography. The detection limitis down to 2.0×10^-9 mol/L. The mechanism of electrode processeswere studied in detail.

Labeling Biotin with Tc-99m via N, N'-Biscysteinyl-Lysine

DONG Yanbing,WU Yonghui,LIU Bin,LIU Yuanfang

1995, 31(2):  198-204. 

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A new biotin derivative was systhesized by conjugatingN, N'-biscysteinyl-lysine(BCL) to biocytin. The conditions of conjugationwas studied BCL-biocytine was labeled with Tc-99m. The labels was identified by TLC, GC and bonding with avidin. The biodistribution of the labels in normal mice was also investigated. The stability of Tc-99m-BCL-biocytine both in vitro and in vivo suggested that the labels may be further used in pretargeting.

Studies on the Electrochemical Behaviors of Chlorophyll
(II) Voltammetric Behavior of Pheophytins and Cu-Chla

QIAO Qingdong,GAO Xiaoxia

1995, 31(2):  205-211. 

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In the present investigation, the reductive behaviors of pheophytins a and b in 0.1 mol/L HAc-NaAc solution was studied by first step reversible 2e^-, 2H⁺ peak similar to that of water-soluble porphyrins such as TPPS and TMPyP. The Cu-Chla has a similar step of irreversible (4e^-, 2H⁺)reduction peak to that of CuTPPS. While the reduction of the carbonyl group in the molecule remains the same.

Studies on the Electrochemical Behaviors of Chlorophyll
III Voltammatric Behaviors of Zn-Chla

QIAO Qingdong,GAO Xiaoxia

1995, 31(2):  212-217. 

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The magnesium ion in chlorophyll(Chl) can be displaced by Zincion to form Zn-Chl. Since the porphyrin ring part of Chl is hydrophillic and the phytol chain part of Chl is hydrop-hobic, so the electro-reduction behavior of Zn-Chl is somewhat similar to the water-soluble Zn-TPPS, but not exactly the same. The voltammetric behaviors of Zn-Chla and Cu-Chla are different, the former is reduced with 2e^-, while the latter with 4e^-. The reduction product of Zn-Chla may be in the form of ZnChla·2H, which can be observed at high scan rate above 1.5 V/s. By the method of kinetic analysis, the surface reaction constant of the product, k⁰, has beenfound to be 8.1 s^-1.

Studies on Synthesis and Crystal Structure of an Erbiun (III) Complex with Serine

JIN Qingri,WANG Xiaoqing,JIN Tianzhu,XU Guangxian,SHI Nicheng,MA Zhesheng

1995, 31(2):  218-223. 

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The erbium complex with serine of the formula [Er₂(Ser)₃(H₂O)₄](ClO₄)₆ was synthesized in aqueous solution. Its crystal structure was determined by x-ray diffration method. The single crystals belong to triclinic, space group P^-1with a=1.1344(7)nm, b=1.1399(6)nm, c=1.0716(6)nm, α=9799(4)°, β=105.48(4)°, γ=118.51(5)°, Z=1. The complex is a binuclear molecule, in which three carboxyl groups from three serine molecules bridge the two erbiumions. Each erbium ion is also coordinated by four oxygen atoms from water molecules,making the coordination polyhedron of a monocapped trigonal prism with the coordination number of 7.

Study on the Relationship between Mn-rich Clinopyroxene and Metallization in the Baiyinnuo Pb-Zn Deposit, Inner Mongolia

WANG Qi,AI Yongfu

1995, 31(2):  224-228. 

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The Baiyinnuo large and high-grade Pb-Zn deposit in Inner Mongolia is a representative skarn-type one. In the ore district skarns extensively developed and the Mn-clinopyroxene skarn most closely related to the metallization. The clinopyoxene mainly crystallized in two stages: the earlier one was rich in Mg and poor in Fe and Mn, with diopside formed at higher temperture, fO₂ and pH; the laterone, Fe-and Mn-rich manganhedenbergite, formed under the condition of lower temperture, fO₂ and pH and closely related to the Pb-Zn metallization. The changes of fluid flow from southeast to northwest of the ore district resulted in the zoning of skarn and metallization. The manganhedenbergite can be condsidered as an important indicator for Pb-Zn metallization.

A Preliminary Study on Tropical Conchology of Mid-Holocene Beachrocks, Xiasha, Juexi Town Xiangshan County, Zhejiang Province

JIANG Dayong,YANG Shouren

1995, 31(2):  229-237. 

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The tropical conchological fauna (8 genera and 9 species: Arca navicularis Bruguiere, 1792, Arca semitorta Lamarck, 1819, Anadara antiquata Linnaeus, 1758, Lima sp., Chlamys pica(Reeve), 1853, Donax cuneatus Linnaeus, 1758, Cardita variegata Bruguiere, 1792, Umbonium vestiarium(Linnaeus), 1758, Conus striatus Linnaeus, 1758) of Mid-Holocene beachrocks was first found at Xiasha, Juexi town, Xiangshan county, Zhejiang province. Results of the study indicate that Zhejiang province belonged to Tropical Climate Zone between 3420 aBP and 6080 aBP, and prove that beachrocks are formed at intertidal zone of tropical sea. The work bears great significance in the study of global change.

Initiating Efects of Calcium on Pollen Germination and Its Regulative Role in Pollen Tube Growth

GONG Ming,YANG Zhonghan,CAO ZongxunT H Tsao

1995, 31(2):  238-249. 

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The initiating effects of Ca²⁺ on pollen germination and its regulative role in pollen tube growth were investigated in Pinus yunnanensis and Nicotiana tabacum. High concentration of Ca²⁺(10^-1 ～10^-2mol/L) in the medium caused severe inhibition of pollen germination and tube growth, but lower concentration of Ca²⁺ or Ca²⁺-deficiency(10^-3 ～ 0 mol/L)had little effect onpollen germination and tube growth. Measurement of Ca content ingerminating pollen showed that there was a significant Ca²⁺ release from pollen during the hydration and early germination phase. However, Ca²⁺ specific chelating agent EGTA led to the inhibition of pollen germination, and this inhibition could be eliminated by re-adding excess Ca²⁺ to the medium containing EGTA. Ca²⁺ channel blockers verapamil and Co₂₊ also caused the inhibition or failure of pollen germination. In addition, Ca²⁺ ionophore A₂₃₁₈₇impeded pollen germination and tube growth. Unlike verapamil and Co₂₊ treatments, pollen tube growth was more sensitive to A₂₃₁₈₇ than pollen germination. These results suggested that Ca²⁺ is indispensible for pollen germination and tube growthalthough exogenous addition of Ca²⁺ to the medium is not necessary. The uptake of Ca²⁺ occurred mainly in early germination phase, and Ca²⁺ could act as an initiator of pollen germination and also as a regulator of pollen tube growth.

Pheromone Receptor Cells in the Male Moth Bombyx mandarina

WU Caihong,ZOU Wenyun

1995, 31(2):  250-254. 

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Two types of pheromone receptor cells have been idetified by electrophysiological recording from single antennal sensilla trichodea of the malemoth Bombyx mandarina. These cells responsed respectivily to the pheromone component E10, Z12-16 : OH, firing large spikes and the possible pheromone component E10, Z12-16 : Al, firing small spikes.