Table of Content

20 July 1997, Volume 33 Issue 4

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FT-IR Study of Water Structure in Water/NaDEHP/n-Heptane Microemulsion System

LI Quan,LI Yan,LI Weihong,WENG Shifu,WU Jinguang,XU Guangxian

1997, 33(4):  410-415. 

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Microstructure of water in water/NaDEHP/n-heptane microemulsion system has been studied by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The intensity and peak position of H₂O bands in the system was found to vary with water content W₀, (the molar ratio of water to NaDEHP). The frequency of O-H stretching band of water shifted from 3385 to 3417 cm^-1 in the system when the W₀ value increased from 1 to 25. The O-H stretching bands were resolved by using resolution enhanced technique of second derivative and curve fitting. Four peaks located at (3610+-10),(3512+-10),(3420+-10) and (3250+-20)cm^-1 in the system were obtained. These four peaks were assigned to free water, phosphate-bonded water, bulk water and Na⁺-bonded water, coexisting in the same microemulsion solutions. Area fraction of the four types of water molecules were estimated quantitatively after O-H stretching bands were resolved by curve fitting. When the water content was increased, the area fraction of bulk water increased. Meanwhile area fractions of phosphate-bonded water and free water in the system decreased with water content. For Na⁺-bonded water, the area fraction increased with W₀ up to the value of 11, after that, it decreased gradually. All these variations are due to the interactions of water molecules with both phosphate and Na⁺ in the microemulsion system.

Synthesis and Characterization of Singe-and Multi-Substituted Pyrrolidones

LIU Zhennan,HUA Wenting

1997, 33(4):  416-419. 

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The substituted Pyrrolidone is key public intermediate for synthesis of new drugs of mental performance enhancer. In this paper, we reported a simple and convenient method of synthesis for target moleculars. The structures of theis interconversion isomerides, dimers and relative compounds have been characterized and discussed.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Heteronuclear Complex of Erbium-Yttrium with Glutamic Acid: [ErY(Glu)₂(H₂O)₈](ClO₄)₄•2.75H₂O

LI Junran,ZHOU Liping,JIN Tianzhu,YU Kaibei

1997, 33(4):  420-426. 

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The title complex was synthesized in an aqueous solution and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystal is monoclinic with space group P2₁. The cell parameters are: a=1.10390(10)nm, b=1.6493(2)nm, c=1.9986(3)nm, β=103.600(10)⁰, V=3.5367(8)nm³, Z=4, D_c=2.141g/cm³. The final R is 0.0311. The complex molecule is an infinite layer built from binuclear polymer. In each binuclear unit, two metal ions are connected by four bridging carboxyl groups from four glutamic acid molecules, two carboxyl groups of near the NH₂ are simple bridging coordination and the carboxyl groups far from NH₂ tridentate to the central ions. Each metal ion is also coordinated by four water molecules. So the coordination number of the central ion is nine, and forming a trigontetradecahedron arrangement.

Application of RIS in the Determination of Gaseous Gold

JI Wangxi,CHEN Dieyan,MA Wanyun

1997, 33(4):  427-431. 

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Application of ETALRI-TOFMS(electric thermal atomization laser resonance ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) in determination of gaseous gold in soil are presented. The data are in good agreement with that obtained with neutron active by random sampling. Selftest and discussion of RIS contained.

Middle Ordovician Biogeography of Xing'anling-Mongolia-Northern Xinjiang and Adjacent Areas

MA Xueping

1997, 33(4):  438-446. 

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Synthetic analysis of 170 trilobite genera, 210 brachiopod genera, and 87 cephalopod genera leads to the recognition of two regions separated by the Irtys (river)-Sino-Mongolian boundary-Xar Molon (river)-Changchun line: the Middle Asia-East Asia region of the Proto-Pacific realmand the Northern Asia region of the Proto-Atlantic realm.The former is characterized by the trilobites Tangyaiinae and Hammatocnemiidae, and is closely related with the Australian and the Southern European regions in many aspects. For example, Cekovia and Pseudopetigurus are present both in the Middle Asia-East Asia region and in the Southern European region; Neseuretinus is present in all the above three regions; Pliomerina is widely distributed in the Middle Asia-East Asia region, in addition, it is also found in southeastern Australia. The Middle Asia-East Asia region is further subdivided into the North China, the Tarim, and the Kazakhstan provinces. The Kazakhstan province possesses many taxa that are also present in North America, South China, Tarim, and the Ordos area of North China, suggesting a transitional position between the two realms.The Ordos area of the North China province and the Tarim province are very similar statistically, probably due to similar environmental setting. Trilobite endemic ratios are usually low in various provinces (10%-15%), especially in marginal sea or deeper water facies.Cephalopods have a higher endemic ratio in the North China(30%) and Siberia (20%) provinces. Brachiopods are the most widely distributed and numerous in the study area, but their provincialism is quite indistinct.

An Initial Research on the Extension Deformation Belt in the Archean Metamorphic Rocks in the Northern Taihang Mountains

TANG Xianmei,LIU Shuwen

1997, 33(4):  447-455. 

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The Archean metamorphic rocks in the northern Taihang Mountains can be divided into Fuping Gneiss Complex (FPGC), Nanying Gneiss (NYG) and Wanzi Layering Series (WZLS) from bottom to top. A large low-angle-extension deformation belt, along which NYG was emplaced, was found between FPGC and WZLS. A series of ductile deformation structures, including a-type and sheath folds, mineral stretching lineations and augen structures, are found in the main deformation belt, where rocks have been foliated heavily. Shear criteria indicate a top-to-the-west sense of shear. A series of small shear zones, which are parallel to the main deformation belt, are formed in the foot wall, while in the hanging wall ductile-brittle normal faults are popular. The PT-paths of the two walls are clockwise, implying that the crust evoluted from early thicking by folding through thinning by stretching and finally being denuded by lifting.

Determination of Nitrogenase Activity of Induced Cucumber Nodules by ¹⁵N Trace Method

LI Xinghong,TIAN Dexiang,YU Zhongju,WANG Yongmin,CHEN Deyuan

1997, 33(4):  432-437. 

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Reports the determination results of nitrogenase activity of induced cucumber root nudules by ¹⁵N trace method. The root systems bearing induced nodules of cucumber were exposed to a gas mixture containing ¹⁵N₂ for 48h and partial root systems soaked in free-nitrgen culture solution simultaneusly. After exposure the ¹⁵N content in the modulated root systems of cucumber is 0.431 Atom % ¹⁵N by mass spectrometric analysis, whereas in the contrast samples without exposure to ¹⁵N is 0.369 Atom % ¹⁵N. The statiatical t test for the results of ¹⁵N trace experiments is: t=3.15 > t_0.01=2.819, It has been demonstrated that the nitrogenase activity in cucumber nudules is at a remarkable level of 99.9%. The nitrogenase activity in detached nodules of cucumber was also determined by conventional acetylene reduction method. In both methods clear evidences of nitrogenase activity were obtained for the induced nodules of cucumber.

Mineralization Time, Space, Geodynamic Background and Metallogenic Model of the Skarn Gold Deposits, China

CHEN Yanjing,QIN Shan,LI Xin

1997, 33(4):  456-466. 

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Skarn type is one of the major types of the gold deposits of China, with at least 14 large and 28 medium deposits discovered. The total skarn type reservoir is more than 700 tons which accounting for more than 15% in the total gold reservoir of China. The mineralizing time of skarn gold deposits is mainly of late Mesozoic (Yanshanian), contemporaneous with the collision orogenesis occurred in the mainland of China; the gold orebodies emplaced in the late stage of the collision orogenesis. Almost all the skarn gold deposits distributed in the collision orogenic belts, fault-magmatic belts and marginal mobile belts, especially in the Lower Yangtze River district. Their metallogenic geodynamic background was the compression-extension transition stage of collision orogenesis. The geological and the geochemical characteristics of the skarn gold deposits and their related igneous intrusions are exclusively coincident with the metallogenic model for collision orogensis or for A-type subduction. It shows that the metallogenic model for collision orogenesis is the oreforming models for the most of the skarn gold deposits, China.

The Morphotectonics, Seismicity and Origin of Shanxi Graben System, East China

LI Shude

1997, 33(4):  467-474. 

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The Shanxi graben system is one of the important specific morphotectonic types in the eastern part of China.It is located in the crustal attenuation zone and the region ofintense crustal movement with high intensity, high frequency, shallow focus (10-30km) and Quaternary volcanic activity which is similar to that of Rhine graben and East African rift. The earthquake distribution in the graben system is regular. Large earthquakes (M > 6) occurred inside the graben. Twelve of the seventeen earthquakes (M > 5) in Linfen region in history (about 70%) occurred inside the graben. Seventeen earthquakes (M > 8) occurred in recorded history in China, six of them in North China block and three of the six in fen-wei graben. The earthquakes are closely related to active faults: (1) All of the earthquakes occurred along active faults; (2) The earthquakes occurred along strike slip fault having the characteristics of low frequency and high intensity; (3) All causative faults are steep (dip angle >= 65^o); (4) Strong earthquakes occurred at the cross section of shear segment and tensile segment or compressional segment. The origin and development of the graben system may be roughly divided into three stages: (1) The large scale uplifts, thrust faults and fractures were formed by left lateral shearing caused by NW-SE trend compressional pressure in the Yanshan movement stage; (2) NNE and NE trend tensile fractures were formed and half grabens were produced by right lateral shearing under the action of NE-SW trend compressional pressure which were caused by the sudden change of compressional pressure trend; (3) Half grabens keep developing under the action of mantle uplifting and crustal surface extension caused by the subduction of Pacific plate.

Surface Pollen and Its Climatical Significance of Vertical Zone in Beitai, Xiaowutai Mountain

YU Pengtao,LIU Hongyan

1997, 33(4):  475-484. 

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After a broad survey of the vertical zone in Beitai, Xiaowutaishan mountain, a surface pollen spectrum is established. The climatical significance of some important species, such as Picea meyeri, Larix principis-ruprechtii and Betula is also analysed. This research demonstrated: Surface pollen content of Betula and Pinus is much more than their coverage in community, so they have extra-representation; Surface Pollen content of Picea is corresponded with its coverage in community; Because Larix has low pollen productivity and bad preservation ability of pollen, it has low representation for its coverage in community. As for their climatical significance, Picea meyeri indicates cool-wet habitat; Larix principis-ruprechtii indicates cool-dry climate; Betula has a broad ecological amplification, Betula albo-sinensis has a natural inclination for cool climate, Betula platyphylla has a natural inclination for dry climate.

Biochemical Key to Common Species of Aphid on Vegetables

ZHANG Haitao,XU Maolei,WANG Rongjiang,LI Shaowen

1997, 33(4):  508-513. 

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Electro-focusing PAGE was used to study esterase isozyme of 5 species of aphid that appeared frequently on vegetables, Aphis robiniae Zhang, Aphis gossypii Glover, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Semiaphis heraclei (Takakashi) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Each species of aphid had its characteristic electrophoretic pattern, according to which, a biochemical key was made. And a brief analysis of polymorphism that appeared in electrophoretic patterns of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) was also made.

Study on Heavy Metal Contamination and Potential Ecological Risk in Hong Kong Rivers

JIA Zhenbang,LIANG Tao,LAM Kinche,LIU Fengwei

1997, 33(4):  485-492. 

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The Characteristics of heavy metals in the sediment of 4 "key rivers" in Hong Kong have been studied. The potential ecological hazards have been assessed using Hakanson Index. The results show that the contamination level of sediments in Hong Kong rivers are from light to moderate. The main factor caused ecological hazard is cadmium, following by copper, lead, zinc, chromium.

Strategic Ground Water Control for the Reduction of Karst Land Collapse Hazard

WANG Hongtao,LI Yongxiang,WANG Enzhi,GONG Huili

1997, 33(4):  493-499. 

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This paper discusses the possible reasons that cause the karst land collapse hazard in the urban region of Tangshan city, China. Karst land collapse is a human induced geological hazard.Among the factors that count in collapse, only the factor of ground water state can be artificially controlled. Therefore, the remedial strategy in macroscopic sense lies on the optimal management of ground water: by optimal control of ground water state in the areas that have the danger of collapse, to make the possibility of collapse hazard reduce to its minimum in overall scale. A method of optimal ground water management for a non-linear multi-layer system with ground water confined- and unconfined interchange properties is presented. An applicable water programming plan for the purpose of collapse hazard reduction in Tangshan is proposed.

Establishment and Characterization of Rabbit ES-like Cell Lines

TONG Ying,LIU Aimin,SHANG Kegang,LIU Lin

1997, 33(4):  500-507. 

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Seven continous ES-like cell lines were established from 237 rabbit embryos. 90 and 96 hours embryos were plated on ME (mouse embryonic fibroblast cells) feeder layer, using DMEM/F12 medium with 10% FBS and 10% rabbit serum supplemented with LIF or EGF. ES-like cells isolated from these embryos shared many characteristics with mouse ES cells: morphology of stem cell, colonial growth, maintenance of an undifferentiated state through serial passage, ability to differentiate spontaneously or by induction, ability to form embryoid bodies in suspension culture. Using these cells as nucleid donor, nuclear transfer resulted in 11% blastocyst development.

Are Consciousness and Unconsciousness Independent in Memory Process?

ZHU Ying,ZHANG Li,LIU Jia,FAN Chunlei

1997, 33(4):  529-533. 

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We have formulated Jacoby's Process Dessociation Procedure in a new form based on two experiments on the influences of level of processing on implicit memory. The new formulation can use data which is zero in exclusion test. Our experimental results supported the independence assumption between conscious influence and unconscious influence in memory process.

Myocardial Vulnerability to Biphasic Shocks: the Rightward Shift of ULV vs. LLV Might Be Responsible for Its High Defibrillation Efficacy

LI Cuilan,LIU Taifeng,BEHRENS Steffen,FRANZ Michael R

1997, 33(4):  514-521. 

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Biphasic shocks defibrillate more effectively than monophasic shocks, however, the mechanisms are still unknown. Isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts were paced at a cycle length of 500ms and the myocardial responses to shocks were recorded by MAP technique. A total of (84±11) biphasic T wave shocks were administered to each heart through two large shock plate electrodes flanking the bath to describe the area of vulnerability(AOV). The AOV was characterized by the induction of VF and was defined two-dimensionally by shock strength and coupling interval. ULV and LLV, which represent the upper and lower coner of AOV, respetively, occurred at shock strength of (373±62)V and (213±39)V, respectively. The coupling interval for ULV and LLV were (187±9) vs. (175±12)ms, p < 0.01, which resulted in a more complete repolarization level for ULV (84±9)% compare to that for LLV ((73±7)%, p < 0.01). The left and right borders of AOV (LBV, RBV) were (170±13)ms and (194±5)ms. The shock strength for RBV had a vertical upshift of (64±51)V (p < 0.01) compare to that for LBV. The rightward shift of the ULV timing compare to the LLV and the shock strength upshift of RBV vs. LBV resulted in a right-tilt of the AOV for biphasic shocks. This rightward shift of ULV timing vs. LLV might be responsible for its high defibrillation efficacy.

Determination of Aerodynamic Parameters of Changbai Mountain Forest

LIU Heping,LIU Shuhua,ZHU Tingyao,JIN Changjie,KONG Fanzhi,GUAN Dexin

1997, 33(4):  522-528. 

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The aerodynamic roughnees length Z₀, the zero-plane displacement d, the momentum drag coefficient C_D, water and heat drag coefficient C_H are calculated by using turbulence data and wind, temperature profile data observed in Changbai Mountain forest. The causes of the error in the method of calculating d and Z₀ are also discussed. The method based on the mass conservation principle is a practical one to calculate the aerodynamic roughness length and zero-plane displacement over tall vegetations. In Changbai Mountain forest, the roughness length Z₀ is about 1.6+-0.25m and the zero-plane displacement d is about 19.5+-1.38m. Drag coefficients C_D and C_H have a good relation with stability under unstable condition, and the average values of C_D and C_H are 6.6×10^-3 and 6.4×10^-31 in the neutral atmosphere, respectively.

Surface Display and Structural Libraries of Peptides

ZHU Shenggeng

1997, 33(4):  534-544. 

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Surface display is a newly developed gene manipulation technology by which fragments of foreign peptides are expressed as fusion proteins displayed on the phage or cell surface, keeping their spatial structure and biological activity relatively independent. This technology may be used for studying the properties, mutual recognition and interaction of peptides (proteins), so as to survey very large display libraries for target functional peptides. There are three display systems, including filamentous bacteriophage, T₄ and T₇ phage, and cell surface systems, mosthy used so far. Display libraries include recombinant phage antibody libraries, random short peptide libraries, peptide comformation libraries, cDNA display libraries, and gene mutant display libraries. The surface display technology can be used for the production of artificial antibody and vaccine, the determination of antigen epitopes and protein interactive sites, the isolation of regulatory molecules, the study of cell surface engineering, the development of peptide drugs, and the experimentally directed evolution of biomelecules.

Surface Display and Structural Libraries of Peptides

ZHU Shenggeng

1997, 33(4):  534-544. 

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Surface display is a newly developed gene manipulation technology by which fragments of foreign peptides are expressed as fusion proteins displayed on the phage or cell surface, keeping their spatial structure and biological activity relatively independent. This technology may be used for studying the properties, mutual recognition and interaction of peptides (proteins), so as to survey very large display libraries for target functional peptides. There are three display systems, including filamentous bacteriophage, T₄ and T₇ phage, and cell surface systems, mosthy used so far. Display libraries include recombinant phage antibody libraries, random short peptide libraries, peptide comformation libraries, cDNA display libraries, and gene mutant display libraries. The surface display technology can be used for the production of artificial antibody and vaccine, the determination of antigen epitopes and protein interactive sites, the isolation of regulatory molecules, the study of cell surface engineering, the development of peptide drugs, and the experimentally directed evolution of biomelecules.