Table of Content

20 July 2012, Volume 48 Issue 4

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Tiny Event, Big Effect: Relationships between Drivers’ Justice Perception and Drivers’ Rule-Observing Behaviors

LI Jingyu,XIE Xiaofei,GE Yu

2012, 48(4):  670-678. 

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The study explored drivers’ rule-observing behaviors from a new perspective ? drivers’ justice perception. The authors developed scenario questionnaire and scales to distinguish event justice perception from social entity justice perception, and explored the effects of both kinds of justice perception on drivers’ rule-observing behaviors. The results show that drivers’ event justice perception of a single incident and social entity justice perception of the whole transportation environment are both significantly correlated with drivers’ rule-observing behaviors. The more justice people perceived, the higher scores they got in rule-observing behaviors questionnaire. The relationship between event justice perception and rule-observing behaviors is mediated by the social entity justice.

Relationship between Perfectionism and Job Burnout of Architects

LI Jie,GAN Yiqun,ZHOU Yu

2012, 48(4):  679-684. 

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To explore the relationship between perfectionism and job burnout, 203 architects were measured with FMPS, Brief COPE, and MBI-GS. The data was analyzed with the structural equation mode. There were significant negative correlation between worrying about mistake and job burnout, and significant positive correlation between order and job burnout. Avoiding coping mediates partly the relationship between worrying about mistake and job burnout, totally the relationship between order and job burnout. Avoiding coping maybe have mediate effect between perfectionism and job burnout of architect. Adaptive and non-adaptive perfectionism have different meaning for occupation.

Rupture Imaging of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Great Chilean Earthquake Using Relative Back-Projection Method

ZHANG Hao,GE Zengxi

2012, 48(4):  583-588. 

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The Mw 8.8 Chilean earthquake of 27 February 2010 was the greatest Chilean earthquake since 1960. The back projection method based on the non-plane wave assumption is used to image the rupture process on an oblique fault plane with three-component broadband seismograms recorded by the U.S. Array Transportable Network. The results show that the Chilean earthquake was composed of three sub-events, and ruptured with at least 513 km in length and 100 km in width. Moreover, the rupture bilaterally extended northwards and southwards after the initiation of the earthquake and was dominated by the northern branch. The northern branch of the earthquake ruptured over a length of about 340 km in 125 s, which indicates that its average rupture velocity was about 2.87 km/s. Meanwhile, the southern branch had a rupture length of 173 km in 99 s, which means the southern average rupture velocity was about 1.84 km/s. In addition, after the onset of the quake, the energy peaks of two sub-events in the northern branch occurred at 16 and 79 s, which were 75 and 230 km away from the epicenter. The energy peak of the sub-event in the southern branch appeared at 80 s and located about 145 km away from the epicenter.

Study of a Dielectric-Loaded Plasmonic Lens

LU Xuxing

2012, 48(4):  519-523. 

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A plasmonic lens based on a thin conical dielectric film adhered to a metallic disk is proposed. The structure converges normal incident light into a circular focal stripe. The circular focal stripe decreases in size with the decreasing of the thickness of the dielectric film, and converges into a focal spot when the thickness is smaller than a critical value. Moreover, the enhancement of the local field can also be improved by using the structure.

In vitro Degradation Performance of Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Bacterial Cellulose for Bone Tissue Engineering

CHEN Yanmei,XI Tingfei,ZHENG Yudong,ZHENG Yufeng,WAN Yizao

2012, 48(4):  524-532. 

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Nano-hydroxyapatite/bacterial cellulose (nano-HA/BC) composite, obtained by depositing in simulated body fluid, is expected to have potential applications in tissue engineering. The in-vitro degradation performance and the corresponding mechanism of nano-HA/BC immersed in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) are investigated with several flakes of nano-HA/BC soaked in PBS for different time. The degradation degree of materials, the stability of nano-HA particles and the swelling and structural changes of BC are analysed successively. The results indicate that nano-HA particles are able to dissolve or drop off gradually and that water molecules attack the BC fibrils. So the bonding strength of molecular chains is weakened and the partial C?O?C bonds disconnect. The disconnection of C?O?C bonds is considered as the primary reason for the degradation of BC large molecular chains after nHA/BC is immersed in PBS. The present work is available for controlling the in vivo degradation performance of nHA/BC acting as bone tissue engineered scaffold materials.

Composition Analysis of Non-thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Micro Jet and a Study of Its Sterilization Effects

GUO Jinsong,PAN Jie,ZHANG Qian,WU Shan,LIANG Yongdong,WANG Jing

2012, 48(4):  533-537. 

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The authors carried out the reactive species and sterilization efficacy of a direct current atmospheric pressure Ar+O₂ (2%) cold plasma micro jet. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and other methods were employed to investigate the reactive species of the plasma. The plasma micro jet was submerged in Staphyloccocus aureus suspensions for the study of its sterilization effects. Two types of reactive species produced in the solution were monitored by ESR spectroscopy directivity, namely hydroxyl radical (OH?) and singlet oxygen (¹O₂). Superoxide anion radical (O₂^-?) was also proved in the system directly. O₃ and H₂O₂ in the system were also analysed quantitatively. With 10 min Ar+O₂(2%) cold plasma micro jet treatment, a quick increase of the percent inactivation from 0 to 99.9% was achieved. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure microplasma micro jet can generate enormous reactive species and can efficiently inactivate S. aureus in water. The possible mechanism is that the reactive species induced the cell generate superoxide membrane lipid, protein and DNA through various oxidation progress. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma micro jet has enormous potential clinical application.

A Half Distributed Resource Allocation Strategy for Multi-Cell OFDM System Downlink Channel

LI Shangyao,LIU Zhimin

2012, 48(4):  553-558. 

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In the downlink channel of LTE system, OFDM technology is adopted. In order to solve the problem of LTE inter-cell interference, the authors present a multi-cell half-distributed resource allocation algorithm by investigating and comparing many resource allocation strategies, which is simple and practical. At the cost of spectrum efficiency, this algorithm uses the mutual information between base stations and binary power control strategy to coordinate the resource allocation which alleviates inter-cell interference and improves system capacity. Through the algorithm in the LTE system level simulation platform implementation, simulation results show that the new algorithm can improve overall throughput by thirteen percent. Thus, it prove that this algorithm has its advantages.

SDDRM: Toward Segment-Based Dynamic Digital Rights Management in Document Protection

XU Dongyang,TANG Zhi,YU Yinyan

2012, 48(4):  565-573. 

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With the properties of a new document format CEBX, a segment-based dynamic digital rights management scheme (SDDRM) is proposed to provide document encryption with hierarchical key management and fine-grained rights management which includes authorization adding, authorization update, and authorization aggregation. SDDRM includes a document encryption and packaging protocol, a document request and download protocol and a license request and download protocol. SDDRM can implement “authorization on-demand” and support the reading experience of what you see is what you buy. Further study shows that SDDRM is flexible, secure and provides personalized access control. The proposed scheme maintains the fine-grained protection of an e-document and meets the needs of new business model in digital publishing industry.

A High Performance Double-Balanced Gilbert Mixer with Active Loads for 2.4-GHz ISM Band Application

JIANG Mei,ZHANG Xing,WANG Xin’an,LIU Shan,XU Feng,WANG Bo,ZONG Hongqiang,SHEN Jinpeng

2012, 48(4):  538-544. 

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The authors present a thorough analysis of the 1/f noise, linearity and conversion gain of a CMOS active double-balanced Gilbert mixer circuit. This mixer, adopting PMOSFETs as loads, is used for direct conversion receiver operating in the 2.4-GHz ISM band. To lower the 1/f noise of this mixer, the parasitic vertical NPN (V-NPN) BJT is used as switch, and the low noise shunt circuits paralleled with the PMOSFETs are adopted as loads. A high performance operational amplifier is also applied with the PMOSFETs, which not only provides a suitable DC bias voltage for the desired signals in the zero intermediate frequency (IF) band to avoid the saturation of the following stage, but also produces enough high conversion gain for the mixer. Meanwhile, the capacitor cross-coupled (CCC) circuits applied in the input transconductance (G_m) stage allow further increasing the conversion gain. Besides, to enhance the linearity of the mixer, the common gate (CG) amplifiers as transconductance (G_m) input stage devices are adopted. The mixer is fabricated with the TSMC 0.18-μm 1-Poly 6-Metal RF CMOS process. The resulting mixer achieves 17.78 dB conversion gain, 13.24 dB NF and 4.45 dBm IIP3 with 3 mA current consumption under a 1.5 V power supply.

CmDSP: A Configurable Media DSP

HU Ziyi,ZHAO Yong,WANG Xin’an,WANG Teng,XIE Zheng,HUANG Ru,ZHANG Xing

2012, 48(4):  545-552. 

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The authors first analyse the development of application-specified DSP, and then propose a configurable DSP, CmDSP, aiming at the field of media processing. Based on independent media instruction set, CmDSP uses SIMD technology and is implemented with acceleration units, including complex multiplier and algorithm specified co-processor. In addition, it has a dual-cluster structure and VLIW architecture. CmDSP is implemented using SIMC 0.18 ?m Digital Logic library, and instruction level tests are completed in test board, along with the realization of several media applications, which indicates that it can satisfy the engineering demand in this field.

Pitch Perception of Harmonic Complex Tones Based on Temporal Model

WANG Jian,GUAN Tian,YE Datian

2012, 48(4):  559-564. 

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To study whether pitch perception of medium-rank harmonic complex tones depended on the use of temporal fine structure information, fundamental frequency difference limens were measured. Target tone was presented in the absence or presence of a masker tone, which was filtered into the same frequency region with the target. The target and masker had different phase combinations and fundamental frequency differences. Results found that there were no significant effects of phase combination, but frequency region and fundamental frequency difference played significant roles in pitch perception. Analysis based on temporal model found that medium-rank harmonic complex tones could obtain good results of pitch perception, which is probably based on the use of temporal fine structure information. This study could help build mechanism of pitch perception under complicated sound scene.

Applications of DGPS Method and SPOT-5 Across-Track Stereo Images on Tectonic Geomorphology Research in Origin of Minjiang River

XU Yueren,ZHANG Junlong,CHEN Changyun

2012, 48(4):  574-582. 

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The authors study on application of DGPS method and SPOT-5 across-stereo track images for geomorphology research in origin of Minjiang River, west Sichuan Province. DGPS method is used to get 22 ground control points, 15 check points and 1 check terrain profile during fieldwork. SPOT-5 images are used to extract 2.5 meter high resolution DEM and related orthorectification images based on fieldwork. DEM checking methods are used to assess its accuracy, tectonic geomorphology information such as river terraces. Valley morphology and disasters’ distribution are extracted on this basis. The authors demonstrate that methods of using a small amount of DGPS ground control points and SPOT-5 stereo images are available to give the DEM and orthorectification images to satisfy the active fault mapping and related tectonic geomorphology research.

Sea-Level Changes at the Dawen Permian-Triassic Boundary Section of Luodian, Guizhou Province, South China: A Global Correlation

WANG Haifeng,LIU Jianbo,EZAKI Yoichi

2012, 48(4):  589-602. 

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After a detailed description of the earliest Triassic thrombolite at the Dawen section, Guizhou Province, South China, four mesostructural categories were distinguished: spotted, layered, dendritic, and reticular mesostructures of thrombolite. The sedimentary characters and the lithologic statistics of the four types of thrombolites indicated that those thrombolites were formed in a subtidal environment, where the spotted and layered thrombolites usually in a lower-energy, deep-subtidal environment, in contrast with the dendritic and meshed thrombolites in a shallow-subtidal environment. The stacking pattern of eighteen shallowing-upward cycles in the microbialitic succession showed that this area experienced a relative fall in sea-level during the Hindeodus parvus Zone, and its minimum appeared during the Isarcicella staeschei Zone and the earliest period of the I. isacica Zone, then the sea-level began to rise. The fall of sea-level in the latest Permian are found at various sections in the world, and the pattern of sea-level changes during the earliest Triassic (the H. parvus, the I. staeschei, and the I. isacica zones) are correlated with some areas in Palaeo-Tethys. Those fluctuation patterns probably indicated the eustatic sea-level changes to a certain extent.

Early Devonian Tectono-Magmatic Events in the Middle Beishan, Gansu Province: Evidence from Chronology and Geochemistry of Gongpoquan Granite

ZHENG Rongguo,WU Tairan,ZHANG Wen,XU Cao,MENG Qingpeng

2012, 48(4):  603-616. 

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To deepen the understanding on tectonic evolution of Beishan Moutain, Gongpoquan granite pluton in middle Beishan, Gansu Province, is studied in geochronology and geochemistry. The Gongpoquan granite is located in the west part of the middle Beishan belt between the Mingshui-Xiaohuanshan and Hongliuhe-Niujuanzi- Xichangjing ophiplitic belts. Based on mineralogy and geochemistry, the Gongpoquan goanite can be divided into two groups. 1) The leucogranites which are characterized by garnet, primary muscovite and tourmaline, exhibit slightly enrichments in LREE with (La/Yb)_N=1.38?1.93, and negative Eu anomalies (δEu =0.19?0.28). They also exhibit enrichments in Cs, Rb, Th, U, K, P and Hf, and depletions in Ba, Nb, Nd, and Ti. 2) The monzogranites show features of peraluminous S-type granites, with A/CNK>1.1 (on average). The monzogranites also have weak fractionations between LREE and HREE ((La/Yb)_N=2.74?22.78), but unobvious Eu anomalies (δEu =0.83?1.07). They display enrichments in Cs, Rb, Ba, Th, U, K, and depletions in Nb, Ta, P and Ti. According to the mineral assemblage and geochemical characteristics, it can be concluded that the Gongpoquan granite was formed in the post-collisional setting. The LA-ICP MS U-Pb zircon age of Gongpoquan granite is 402.2±3.0 Ma, which represents its crystallization age, and the ε_Hf(t) values of zircons vary from 0.1 to 2.9, indicating the additions of mantle-derived materials. The Gongpoquan post-collisional granite, together with adjacent grantiods, confirms that the paleo-ocean basin closed before Early Devonian in the west part of Beishan, meanwhile the whole area was in the setting of post-collisional environment.

Petrology and LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of the Qianjinchang Pluton, Southeastern Inner Mongolia

XU Jiajia,LAI Yong,CUI Dong,LU Bin

2012, 48(4):  617-628. 

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The Qianjinchang biotite granite from southeastern Inner Mongolia is located in the suture zone between the Siberian and North China Cratons. The Daolundaba Cu-W-Sn polymetallic deposit formed at the contact zone between the north-west margin of the pluton and the Lower Permian Linxi Formation. The biotite granite is high-K calc-alkaline and peraluminous, with Na₂O+K₂O: 6.12% to 9.31%, Al₂O₃: 14.42% to 15.59%, A/CNK: 1.09 to 1.22, and a mean δ value of 2.41. The rock samples lie within the S-type granite region in the ACF plot. They are depleted in Sr (89.91 to 192.80 μg/g), Ba, Eu (δ?Eu: 0.46 to 0.81) and ∑REE (102.65 to 237.92 μg/g), but slightly enriched in Yb (2.17 to 3.46 μg/g) and La, consistent with the characteristics of S-type granites. The rocks further fall in the region of post-collisional granite in the Rb vs. Y+Nb diagram. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology shows that the pluton emplaced at (273 ± 7.7) to (278 ± 4.3) Ma. These Permian granite rocks probably formed in an extensional setting that postdated the collision between the Siberian and North China Cratons.

Quantifying Total Bacteria and Functional Genes of Denitrifying Bacteria in Buji River in Dry Season

SUN Haimei,SUN Weiling,SHAO Jun

2012, 48(4):  629-638. 

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To explore the bacteria community structure and it’s relation with water quality in polluted rivers, water and sediment samples were collected from Buji River (Shenzhen) in dry season. Quantification of total bacteria and denitrifying bacteria based on nosZ and narG gene were performed by real-time PCR, and the microbial community structures were studied by PCR-DGGE. The results show that the total bacteria 16S rRNA fragment changed from 5.77×10⁸ to 7.13×10¹¹ copies/L in water samples and from 1.14×10⁹ to 1.61×10¹¹ copies/g in sediments. The copy numbers of nosZ gene varied from 2.99×10⁶ to 9.39×10⁸ copies/L in water samples, and from 1.52×10⁶ to 3.80×10⁷ copies/g in sediments. The copy numbers of narG gene were in the range from 1.45×10⁷ to 9.11×10⁹ copies/L in water samples and 2.38×10⁷ to 2.93×10⁸ copies/g in sediments. The gene abundance of nosZ and narG genes in sediment was higher than that in water. Redundancy discrimination analysis (RDA) shows that Fe was the main factor influencing the numbers of bacteria, while COD, nitrite, and nitrate were the main factors affecting the microbial community structures in Buji River. The diversity of bacteria in water samples was higher than that in sediments.

Research on the Advanced Treatment of Coking Wastewater by Ultraviolet or Vacuum Ultraviolet

XING Rui,WEN Donghui,TANG Xiaoyan

2012, 48(4):  639-646. 

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The experiment employed two-stage anoxic-oxic biofilm reactors to treat the diluted coking wastewater and for the first time investigated the advanced treatment by ultraviolet (UV, 254 nm) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV, 254 nm+185 nm). The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by the reactors maintained between 85% to 90%, the maximum removal rate of total nitrogen (TN) reached 31%. With regards to the water quality indexes of COD, dissolved organic compounds (DOC), ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO₂^--N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) and TN, VUV irradiation was more effective than UV irradiation to reduce the residual organic compounds and inorganic nitrogen compounds. Analysis of the aquatic components by UV-Vis absorption spectra, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and three dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectra revealed that the yellow compounds in the biologically treated water might be humic substances, which could be degraded completely by VUV after 12 hours irradiation.

Systematic Optimization and Scenario Analysis of Social Economy and Environment in Dianchi Watershed

SHENG Hu,LIU Hui,WANG Cuiyu,GUO Huaicheng

2012, 48(4):  647-656. 

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Based on the theory of Environmental Carrying Capacity and the systematic analysis of social economy and environment in Dianchi Watershed, the authors establish Dianchi watershed social economy and environment system optimization model (DSEESOM), taking population and economy as the maximum objective function while natural resources and environmental capacity as constraints. Through DSEESOM, the high, median and low planning schemes under two scenarios considering whether take water transfer project of Niulan River or not, are compared and evaluated, which indicate that the carrying capacity of population and economy will be improved after water transfer; meanwhile the differences of the carrying capacity under median and low planning scheme are minor. Therefore, the result explains the phenomenon from the perspective of sensitivity range, and then the median planning scheme is taken as the best scheme for the integrated management of Dianchi watershed.

Comprehensive Clustering Analysis of Climatic Change Risk Sources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

LI Shuang,LI Shuangcheng

2012, 48(4):  657-664. 

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To indicate the comprehensive features of climatic change risk sources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Self-Organizing Feature Map, an artificial neural network model, was established. This research obtained the comprehensive analysis results of 91 sites of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area from 1971 to 2008, using the relative intensity of annual rainfall, surface dryness index, annual snow depth, annual snow days, and annual average wind speed as clustering variables and Self-Organizing Feature Map with number of categories of 4. The conclusion can be described as four types, namely snowing leading, elements equilibrium, rainstorm leading, and dryness and average wind speed leading. Further analysis indicated that the space distribution characteristics of these types corresponded with the high value areas of single indicator analyses indeed; however, comprehensive analysis contained rich and full-scale information to a higher degree and was also closer to the real conditions.

Application and Problem Discussion of On-line Atmospheric Mercury Analyzer in Field Measurement: Take Measurement in Wuxi in Winter for Example

CHEN Zhijun,ZHANG Yinsong,ZENG Limin,WEI Yongjie,TANG Xiaoyan

2012, 48(4):  665-669. 

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During Dec. 30, 2010 to Jan. 14, 2011, measurement of total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations was carried out by using a set of online atmospheric mercury analyzer developed by Zeng’s group at Caozhang station (E120°17′40″, N31°33′36″) in Wuxi, and the analyzer performanced well. The mean concentration over the sampling period was 7.37 ng/m³ with a range from 2.33 to 66.85 ng/m³. Some other elements in the ambient air could also be detected by the analyzer. Zinc which was probably released during metal smelting with mercury could be the reason, and this was provided by data analysis and lab experiment. It provides a way for promotion of the analyzer and makes the analyzer monitoring the particular source (smelting) of TGM possible after some improve-ments.

Research Comment on Watershed Sediment Delivery Ratio

XIE Wangcheng,LI Tianhong

2012, 48(4):  685-694. 

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With the existing research achievements on sediment delivery ratio (SDR), the authors discuss the definition of SDR and its roles in water and sediment research. According to the content of the definition of SDR, with the various impact factors of SDR, several methods of calculating SDR are reviewed. Based on the domestic and international examples of numerical calculation on SDR, the values of SDR in major watersheds are summarized. At present, mathematical statistical analysis on watershed erosion and transport data is still a dominating approach to SDR formulation. Due to different understanding of SDR, the formulas for SDR are in different forms and often established for the specific research areas, but cannot be applied to the other areas. How to establish a formula for SDR, which will be suitable for a larger area, is still a major challenge in the future.