This paper reports the layered mafic volcanic rocks formed in the Hongliuquan area of the North Altyn region at 843 Ma. This suite of volcanic rocks has relatively high TiO2 (1.18%–2.06%), low Zr/Hf (23.28–29.28) and low Nb/Ta (4.20–12.99), showing the trace element characteristics of E-MORB/OIB, like the typical low-Ti basalts in large igneous provinces. The analysis results of major and trace elements in the entire rock show that the magma of the basic rock has undergone a low degree of partial melting (<10%) of the asthenosphere source of garnet (<2%), and has been subject to varying degrees of crustal mixing during the uplift process. The occurrence, geochemical characteristics, age data and high mantle potential temperature (T_p=1479°C) of the northern Aljin layered basic volcanic rock indicate that this basic volcanic rock is a continental overflow basalt (CFB) originated from the Neoproterozoic mantle plume. Combined with the extended background magmatic activity developed in the region during the same period (850–750 Ma), we believe that the northern Alkinic volcanic rocks record the earliest magmatic activity during the supercontinent rifting process. In the Neoproterozoic era, it was discovered that the magmatic activities of Alkin and those of the Qilian, Chaibei Margin, Eastern Kunlun, South China and Qinling Mountains all had the diagenological characteristics of an intracontinental rift valley environment, which indicates that they are related to the mantle plume activities at 850–800 Ma. It further indicates that the formation of the Northern Altyn volcanic rock mass is closely related to the beginning of the rifting of the Rodinia supercontinent at approximately 850 Ma. 

The paper presents studies of the methane-rich fluid inclusions in the fresh peridotite from the Cambrian Yushigou ophiolite, the middle part of North Qilian Orogenic Belt. In situ analysis of laser Raman spectroscopy shows that these fluid inclusions are mainly composed of liquid or gaseous CH₄+C (graphite) with minor components of N₂, H₂O, C₂H₆ and C₃H₈, representing the reductive C-H fluid speciation. Based on characteristic bands of graphite, the authors carry out fluid temperature estimates using the RSCM (Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous materials). The calculated temperatures range from 430 to 590°C, which represents the minimum temperature for precipitation of graphite and indicates that CH₄+C is abiotic origin and formed in the mantle environment.