Abstract: Based on the relevant theories of environmental economics and ecosystem services and functions, the article evaluates residential ecological quality within the Shenzhen city using the methods of mathematical statistics and GIS analysis, which helps to demonstrate the spatial distribution of the life quality of the citizens, and thus provide solid evidence for urban planning and policy making. The research is also helpful to other areas in China in that it makes efforts to predict the changing trend of living environment in relatively typical and quickly-developed cities, which reveals the causes and the solutions to the problems. The result shows that the residential ecological quality of Shenzhen decreases all along the southeast area to the northwest area of the whole region in the year of 2005, and meanwhile, communities inside the special zone, on the general, enjoy better living environment than those outside the special zone. As to the cause of the spatial distribution, while the urban plan serve as the fundamental factor and plays a vital role, the way in which the city develops also play active roles in the forming of this pattern. Furthermore, the analyses also shed light on the recipe to improve the current unsatisfying status: planning for more ecological lands like wetlands and forests, combined with adjusting the structure of local industries to decrease the pollution released by manufacturing in this region will serve as two efficient policy direction, which is sure to bring about a better living environment and contribute to a better life standard for all of the citizens in Shenzhen.

Key words: urban residential ecological quality, ecosystem services, spatial analysis, Shenzhen

摘要： 基于空间分析技术, 应用生态系统服务理论与环境经济学方法考察城市居住空间生态质量, 描述居民生活环境现状, 为城市空间规划提供依据。以典型快速城市化地区的深圳市为例进行探讨, 挖掘城市生态系统变化的根源所在并提出解决对策。研究结果发现: 深圳市呈现出以福田为中心向两侧居住空间生态质量逐渐降低、东部优于西部、北部稍劣于南部的空间格局, 这种格局是由城市规划和城市空间演进共同驱动形成的。因此, 增加湿地和森林等生态用地规划与调整工业结构以消除污染, 是改善城市居住空间生态环境, 提高人民生活水平的主要政策方向。

关键词: 生态质量, 生态系统服务, 空间分异, 深圳市