Abstract: The authors review the self-other decision-making differences, and propose that such differences are derived from decision makers’ cognitive differences in construal level. The mental construals are low when people make decisions for themselves, whereas the mental construals are high when they decide for others. Theoretically, self-other decision-making differences are illustrations of bounded rationality. Practically, understanding such differences as well as their mechanisms helps to achieve optimal decisions.

Key words: self-other decision-making differences, cognitive differences, construal level, psychological weights attached to gains and losses, bounded rationality

摘要： 对自己-他人决策差异的现象进行综述, 并从认知差异的角度整合自己-他人决策差异的原因, 提出为自己和为他人决策时, 决策者对决策问题的解释水平存在差异, 前者采用低解释水平表征决策问题, 后者则采用高解释水平。这一认知方式的差异进而导致相异的决策结果。意识到自己-他人决策差异及其原因既能加深对有限理性的理解, 又有助于在实际决策中避免或利用这些差异, 从而做出最佳决策。

关键词: 自己-他人决策差异, 认知差异, 解释水平, 损益的心理权重, 有限理性