A visual analysis of air-sea CO₂ flux literature (1980–2023) was conducted based on the Web of Science database using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Three phases were identified in publication trends, which can be divided into the initial stage, the rapid growth stage, and the stable growth stage. The United States, Germany, England, France, and China are leading contributors. Research direction transitioned from single-factor analyses on flux to the coupling influence of multiple factors, expanded from regional to global scales, and shifted toward applied studies. Key points included spatial distribution patterns, dynamic mechanisms, and responses to climate change and anthropogenic impacts. Emerging frontiers involved machine learning and multi-source remote sensing integration for modeling partial pressure of sea surface CO₂, flux estimation, and climate response quantification. Future priorities emphasize high-resolution observations, interdisciplinary data fusion, regional/coastal studies, and feedback mechanisms between climate change and marine carbon cycles, while strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration and international cooperation. This synthesis provides critical insights for global carbon cycle understanding, climate projections, and carbon mitigation strategies.

为深入了解海–气界面CO₂通量的国际研究动态, 基于Web of Science数据库, 运用CiteSpace和VOS-viewer软件, 对1980—2023年相关文献进行可视化分析。结果表明, 发文量总体上呈上升趋势, 可分为萌芽期、快速增长期和稳定增长期3个阶段; 美国、德国、英国、法国和中国为主要研究力量; 研究方向从单因素对通量的影响向多因素耦合影响转变, 从局部研究向全球视角扩展, 从基础理论向应用研究深化; 研究热点集中在海–气界面CO₂通量的空间分布特征、动态变化的关键过程和驱动因子及其对全球气候变化与人类活动的响应。研究前沿多围绕多源遥感数据融合与机器学习算法展开, 用于模拟海表CO₂分压、估算通量及定量分析气候变化响应。未来的研究应聚焦高分辨率观测、多源数据融合、机器学习与大数据分析、区域和近海环境研究以及气候变化与海洋碳循环的反馈机制, 同时加强跨学科协作和国际合作。研究结果可为理解全球碳循环、预测气候变化趋势及制定碳减排策略提供参考。