Based on the hydrogen and oxygen isotope data of water bodies, this study identifies the streamflow components of the mainstream channels using the MixSIAR mixed model for 22 sample sub-basins in the Tarim Basin. The relationships between streamflow components and basin characteristics for endorheic rivers were analyzed by further combining climate and underlying surface conditions of sub-basins. It appears that the sub-basins in the southern Tarim Basin primarily rely on precipitation for their streamflow, accounting for 39%−55%, 23%−30%, 22%−32% for precipitation, and glacial meltwater sources, respectively. The sub-basins located in the oasis area of the northern Tarim River are predominantly influenced by groundwater recharge, with a component proportion of 14%−32%, 44%−76%, 0%−39% for streamflow sources. Furthermore, the sub-basins primarily supplied by meltwater are predominantly found in the southwest region of the Tarim Basin, with a proportion of 29%−33%, 14%−31%, 40%−53%. Among various basin factors examined, actual evaporation, soil water content, vegetation index, and area proportion of desert area and glacier area emerged as key influencing factors on streamflow composition for the sub-basins of the Tarim Basin. It was also found that basin underlying surface conditions substantially impact variations in streamflow components. This result provides a scientific foundation for effective water resources management and ecological preservation within inland river basins amidst changing climatic conditions. 

基于水体氢氧同位素数据, 采用 MixSIAR混合模型, 识别塔里木流域22个样本子流域主干河道的径流组分特征, 并结合流域气候与下垫面信息, 深入分析内陆河径流组分与流域特征的响应关系。结果表明, 以降水为径流主要补给来源的子流域主要分布在塔里木流域南部地区(径流中降水、地下水和冰川融水占比分别为39%~55%, 23%~30%和22%~32%); 以地下水补给为主导的子流域主要分布于塔里木河流北部的绿洲区(径流补给来源组分占比分别为14%~32%, 44%~76%和0%~39%); 以冰川融水为径流主要补给来源的子流域则多分布于西南部(径流补给来源组分占比分别为29%~33%, 14%~31%和40%~53%)。在众多流域地理气候因子中, 实际蒸发量、植被覆盖度、沙漠面积和冰川面积占比是塔里木子流域径流组分特征的主要影响因素; 流域下垫面特征是造成河道径流组分差异的关键因素。研究结果可为气候变化背景下内陆河流域水资源管理和生态保护提供科学依据。