Fifty PFASs were measured in water and sediment samples collected from the lower reach of Yellow River in spring and autumn to understand their distribution and ecological risk. The results indicated that the total concentrations of PFASs in water ranged from 29.83–54.44 ng/L in spring and 16.18–57.81 ng/L in autumn, while the total contents in sediment ranged from 18.12–36.16 ng/g in spring and 13.01–36.78 ng/g in autumn. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and n:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acids (n:2 FTSs) were the three dominant types of PFASs in both seasons, and n:2 FTSs, as emerging PFASs, were detected with high concentrations in both water and sediment. Short-chain PFCAs were the main substitutes of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water and sediment, while hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) presented a higher substitution trend to PFOA in sediment; the main substitute of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in water and sediment was 6:2 FTS. The results of risk quotient analysis showed that the PFASs target compounds in water posed no ecological risks to aquatic environment. 

系统地研究黄河下游春秋两季水样和沉积物中50种PFASs的分布特征和生态风险。结果表明, PFASs在春秋两季水样中检出的总浓度范围分别为29.83~54.44和16.18~57.81 ng/L, 春秋两季沉积物中PFASs的含量范围分别为18.12~36.16和13.01~36.78 ng/g。在春秋两季占比最高的3类物质在水相和沉积物中均为全氟烷基羧酸(PFCAs)、全氟烷基磺酸(PFSAs)和n:2氟调聚磺酸(n:2 FTSs)。作为新型PFASs, n:2 FTSs在水相和沉积物中均有较高的检出水平。全氟辛酸(PFOA)在水相和沉积物中的主要替代物为短链PFCAs, 六氟环氧丙烷二聚酸(HFPO-DA)则在沉积物中对PFOA有更高的替代趋势; 全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)在水相和沉积物中的主要替代物为6:2 FTS。风险熵值法分析结果表明, 水体中各PFASs目标物均未达到环境生态风险水平。