Abstract:

With a review on the community-based tool developed from common resource management in three perspectives: behavior studies, governance evolution, as well as the scale issue when addressing broader impacts of local collective actions, this paper presents an experimental garbage-sorting initiative in Hongfuyuan (H community), a residential community in northern suburb Beijing. Firstly, the behavior change of the participating households was studied as response to the continuous promotions for three years. The finding is that constant onsite communications were important in shaping people’s attitudes and behaviors, while economic incentives could be effective only in short term. Second, the evolution of the governance structure among all stakeholders in this program was reflected and compared with other communities using the same technology. The result shows that the difference in key enablers in the program could have significant impact on the sorting behavior in practice. Third, the discussion was extended from the community action to the urban waste management system in large, and suggested that the emerging scheme of Extended Producer Responsibility could be helpful to make this kind of programs into sustainable business model by including critical external players into the governance structure. In conclusion, the implications of this research were proposed to apply the participatory approaches in community planning by bridging the scientific research of material flow analysis to the social actions towards sustainable production and consumption.

Key words: community-based tool, behavior, governance, garbage-sorting

摘要：

从行为研究、治理结构演化和跨尺度协调三方面评述社区行动研究方法, 并以北京郊区宏福苑社区(H 社区)的垃圾分类实验为例, 考察参与式的社区行动对塑造居民行为的实际效果, 包括居民的实际参与度、习惯建立过程以及居民对各种社区活动的态度和行为反馈, 探讨经济激励和场所营建对行为引导和环境意识内化的不同影响。通过与其他采用相同技术系统, 但治理机制不同的社区实验效果进行对比, 反思实验过程中地方治理机制的营造过程, 指出重塑地方治理机制是社区公共服务供给模式创新的关键。在此基础上, 阐述社区垃圾分类行动与城市废物管理系统、产品生产消费系统之间的跨尺度协调问题, 分析生产者责任延伸制度与地方社区行动相结合的可能途径。从可持续生产消费模式转型的角度, 总结社区行动研究方法在参与式规划中的应用前景。

关键词: 社区行动方法, 行为, 治理, 垃圾分类