Abstract: Taking Shenzhen City as a case study, Equal Standard Pollution Load Index and Equal Standard Pollution Load per Product were used to analyze the characteristics of heavy metals discharge from industrial pollution sources, including pollutant species, temporal-spatial distribution, and industrial contribution. The comparison analysis between 1996 and 2007 was made to examine the characteristics of heavy metals discharged in the recent ten years. The results exhibit as follows: 1) The ranking of average heavy-metal equal standard pollution load was given in the order from large to small as Cr( Ⅵ) , Cd, Pb, Hg and As over the last decade. 2) The amount of heavy-metal discharge increased whereas the amount of heavy metals per product decreased from 1986 to 2007. 3) Compared with other administrative districts and river basins, Longgang District and Pingshan River Basin occupied the highest proportions of pollution load and pollution load per product in 1996, whereas Futian District and Shenzhen River Basin were the highest in 2007. 4) Electronic & Communicating Equipment Manufacturing( ECEM) Industry and Metal Product Manufacturing (MPM) Industry were the top two industries with the maximum pollution load and pollution load per product in 1996 and 2007. The results indicate that Cr( Ⅵ) is the priority pollutants and efforts should be fixed on the ECEM and MPM industry.

Key words: heavy metals, industrial pollutant sources, equal standard pollution load, Shenzhen City

摘要： 以深圳市为例, 利用等标污染负荷法和单位产值等标污染负荷法, 从污染物种类、时间变化、空间分布、行业排放 4 个方面, 分析了深圳市工业污染源重金属的排放特征, 重点比较了 1996?2007 年10 年以来重金属排放特征的变化。结果表明, 近 10 年深圳市工业污染源重金属等标污染负荷大小排序为六价铬 > 镉 > 铅 > 汞 > 砷;1986?2007 年, 重金属排放总量呈增长趋势, 单位产值重金属排放总量呈显著下降趋势;1996 年重金属等标污染负荷和单位产值等标污染负荷最大的行政区和流域分别为龙岗区和坪 山河流域, 2007 年则转移至福 田区和深圳河流域;1996 年和2007 年, 污染负荷最大的行业均为电子及通讯设备制造业和金属制品业。深圳市应将电子及通讯设备制造业和金属制品业行业的六价铬排放作为整治的重点。

关键词: 重金属, 工业污染源, 等标污染负荷, 深圳市