To construct a measurement model for efficiency morphology of homestead utilization (EMHU) and ecological association morphology (EAM), taking town and village as two research scales, this paper explores the spatial differentiation of EMHU and EAM from three perspectives including policy, resource and location orientation, so as to offer references for the sustainable utilization of homestead resources. Taking 235 villages in Jinghai District, Tianjin as the study case, unexpected output super-efficiency SBM model, ecological environment index and coupling coordination model are adopted. Research results show that: 1) from the perspective of policy guidance, the average EMHU value of characteristic towns is better than that of ordinary towns, and EAM shows the opposite trend. The EMHU and EAM of characteristic towns are mainly concentrated in low levels; the EMHU distribution of general towns is relatively balanced, and the EAM is mainly distributed in high levels. 2) From the perspective of resource orientation, the average EMHU value of industry-led towns is better than that of culture-led towns, and vice versa for EAM. The EMHU of industry-led towns is evenly distributed, with EAM mainly concentrated in low-level areas, and vice versa for culture-led towns. 3) Overall, the EMHU of culture-led towns in characteristic towns is higher than that of industry-led towns in general towns, while in general towns the EAM of medium industry-led towns is the strongest, and the EAM of industry-led towns among characteristic towns is the weakest. 4) From the perspective of village division, the increase in location advantages will cause EMHU and EAM to show a positive U-curve. The trends of EMHU and EAM at different scales and different perspectives are traceable, and show obvious spatial differentiation. Different scales and different perspectives should be considered when promoting the harmonious coexistence of rural life and ecology to realize rural revitalization. 

town and village divisions, efficiency morphology of homestead utilization (EMHU), ecological association morphology (EAM), undesired output super-efficiency SBM model, Jinghai District, Tianjin City

为了构建宅基地利用效能形态(EMHU)与生态关联形态(EAM)测算模型, 基于镇域和村域两个尺度, 从政策、资源和区位导向3个视角探讨宅基地EMHU与EAM的空间分异, 为宅基地资源的可持续利用提供思路。以天津市静海区235个村庄为例, 采用非期望产出超效率SBM模型、生态环境指数和耦合协调度模型开展实证分析, 得到如下结论。1) 从政策引导角度来看, 静海区特色城镇的EMHU 均值优于一般城镇, EAM反之。特色城镇的EMHU和EAM集中于低等级, 一般城镇的EMHU分布较均衡, EAM主要分布于高等级。2) 从资源导向角度来看, 静海区产业主导型城镇的EMHU均值优于文化主导型城镇, EAM反之。产业主导型城镇的EMHU分布均衡, EAM集中于低等级, 文化主导型反之。3) 从整体来看, 特色城镇中文化主导型城镇的EMHU高于一般城镇中的产业主导型城镇, 而一般城镇中产业主导型城镇的EAM最强, 特色城镇中产业主导型城镇的EAM最弱。4) 从村域划分来看, 区位优势的增加使EMHU和 EAM呈U型分布。因此, 宅基地利用效能形态及生态关联形态在不同尺度不同视角下的趋势均有迹可循, 且呈现出明显的空间分异, 为促进农村生活–生态的和谐共生, 应考虑不同尺度不同视角下存在的差异, 因地制宜地实现乡村振兴。