Methods for regulating the relationship between water and soil were summed up in 23 traditional waterscape and farmland design wisdom. Creating a reciprocal and mutually reinforcing relationship between water and soil in local area is the core of creating habitats through collection and diversion of water by cutting and filling earthwork. Moreover, two habitat creation modes, named collection mode and diversion mode, were put forward. Collection mode means building water catchment by cutting earthwork in land slope. Diversion mode means building dividing ridge by filling earthwork in inundation area. At the same time, spatial distribution pattern of two modes in river basin scale was proposed based on dynamic spatial relationship between slope and runoff inundation area. It presented a multiscale mosaic structure among diverse dividing ridges and water catchments. Potential in regulating the balance between water and soil and creating habitats being suitable for planting were shown clearly by the applications in ecological engineering practices. It could provide method and technology reference for ecological engineering practices in China.

对我国农业生产中的23种理水造田智慧进行梳理, 总结其处理水土关系的方法, 发现通过就地填挖土方, 将雨水径流进行收集或分离, 在局部与土壤形成一种动态稳定的互生互养关系, 是营造可种植生境的核心。在此基础上, 提炼出“挖凹以集蓄塑造汇水区、堆凸以分流塑造分水岭”的两种生境营造模式。依据地形坡度与河水淹没范围之间的动态关系, 提出两种生境营造模式在流域尺度的空间分布范式——多尺度分水岭–汇水区的嵌套结构。将两种生境营造模式应用于生态修复工程实践, 证明其具有处理水土平衡关系、营造可种植生境的潜力, 可为当前我国的生态修复工程提供方法和技术参考。