The delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) coupled with the acoustic finite element method (FEM) is applied to analyze aerodynamic noise characteristics of a high-speed train with a pantograph. Numerical results are presented in terms of spectrum characteristics and distributions of aerodynamic noise in near and far fields in the case of pantograph with demo in up and down situations. The influence of different modeling methods on the flow field of the pantograph is considered, and the effects of scattering and reflection of sound waves from the body and shroud panels on aerodynamic noise results are also took into account. The following interesting phenomena are drawn. 1) Under the pantograph shape and selected opening direction, the noise induced by downpantograph with dome is higher than that induced by up-pantograph with dome. 2) The noise induced by the dome has a large proportion of noise in the low frequency region below 300 Hz, while the noise induced by the pantograph has a greater influence after 300 Hz. Using the dome as the sound source face, the noise is larger in the case of up-pantograph. 3) About the directivity of the induced noise, in the horizontal plane, the front of the pantograph, the dome contributes more to the noise, and in the rear of the pantograph, the pantograph contributes more. In the upper part of the train, the noise induced by the pantograph itself is greater than the noise induced by the dome, becoming the main source of aerodynamic noise in this case.

以某高速列车受电弓为研究对象, 探讨其在350 km/h速度下的气动噪声特性。采用延迟脱体涡模拟(DDES)和声学有限元(FEM)相结合的方法, 分析带导流罩受电弓在升起和下降状态下, 近场和远场气动噪声空间分布规律和频谱特性, 研究流场计算时不同建模方式对诱发噪声幅值和指向性的影响以及壁板的反射和散射作用对噪声频谱特性的影响。结果表明: 1) 在本文选取的受电弓外形和开口方向下, 降弓和导流罩诱发噪声略大于升弓和导流罩诱发噪声; 2) 导流罩在低于300 Hz的低频区诱发噪声比例较大, 而受电弓在300 Hz后诱发噪声影响较大; 导流罩诱发噪声在升弓情形时所占比例相对较大; 3) 在指向性上, 导流罩诱发噪声在受电弓前部贡献较大, 受电弓诱发噪声在后部区域贡献较大; 在列车正上方区域, 弓体诱发噪声大于导流罩诱发噪声, 是主要的气动噪声源。