Abstract: Cognitive maps drawing and interview are used as main methods and 94 children aged 6–12 are investigated to reveal the affordances of the present and children’s ideal urban neighborhood environment in Yandongyuan, Beijing for children’s outdoor physical activities. Based on 188 valid cognitive maps, the results are analyzed and compared with international related researches. It shows that, 1) the structure of present environment affordances in Yandongyuan neighborhood is that used affordance>perceived affordance>shaped affordance, the specific proportion is 15:12:1; 2) the largest contribution of environmental elements to the total neighborhood environment affordances is “ground” and “plants”, they provide a relatively most used affordance; 3) in children’s ideal neighborhood outdoor activity environment, “building structures/garden sketches”, “weather/microclimate” and “water” are improved most in perceived affordance; the environmental elements significantly improved in used affordance are “sports/recreation facilities” and “environmental protection/service facilities”; 4) “science fiction facilities” and “multimedia facilities” have been proposed as children’s ideal neighborhood environmental elements, but their affordances are limited to perceived and used aspects , and the number of affordance is limited as well.

Key words: urban neighborhood, children, outdoor physical activities, environment affordances

摘要： 使用感知地图绘制与访谈结合的方法, 以94 名6~12 岁的儿童为研究对象, 对北京市燕东园社区邻里环境在儿童户外体力活动方面的可供性现状和儿童理想的邻里环境可供性进行调查, 获得188 份有效感知地图。研究发现: 1) 邻里环境在儿童户外体力活动方面的可供性结构呈现被使用的可供性>被感知的可供性>被塑造的可供性的特征, 比例为15:12:1; 2) 对邻里环境可供性总量贡献最大的元素是“地面”和“植物”; 3) 儿童理想的邻里户外活动环境中被感知的可供性提高幅度最大的环境元素是“建构筑物及园林小品”、“天气及微气候”及“水体”, 被使用的可供性显著提高的环境元素为“运动与游乐设施”和“环保与服务设施”; 4) “科幻”及 “多媒体设施”作为理想的邻里环境元素被提出, 但其可供性仅限于被感知和被使用, 且数量有限。

关键词: 城市邻里, 儿童, 户外体力活动, 环境可供性