Abstract: Using survey data of 5000 households from Beijing, the authors identify the driving factors of household adoption of three water conservation behaviors by estimating probit models of household’s probability to make such choices. The results indicate that both price and environmental attitudes are strong predictors of adoption of household conservation behaviors. It is find that environmental attitudes are especially vital factors of three conservation behaviors in magnitude, while the price only plays an important role in the improvement and adoption of water efficient equipments. In terms of policy, it is not always effective to regard price as the incentives for household water conservation. However, environmental attitudes should be given its credit in the water management policy design.

Key words: water conservation attitudes, household conservation behavior, residential water use, price, non price factors

摘要： 采用行为离散选择模型, 利用2010年北京市5000户居民的节水调查数据, 从节水行为激励视角, 分析影响3种典型的北京市居民节水行为选择的重要因素。研究结果显示, 价格水平与节水意识对这3种居民节水行为激励存在差异。水价对节水器具的购买或改造行为的平均边际强度为3.6%~7.1%, 但并不是促使人们培养生活节水习惯的显著因素; 而无论对于节水生活习惯的培养, 购买节水器具, 还是用水器具节水化改造的激励政策, 居民的节水意识都是重要的影响因素, 平均意义上对激励居民户采取节水行为的边际概率达到8.8%~25.3%, 尤其对于居民购买节水器具的激励强度最大。因此, 从居民节水行为激励角度, 北京市以往的水价政策并不总能够促进居民采取节水行为, 在用水需求管理政策设计中, 节水意识培养同样是不能忽视的重要方面。

关键词: 节水意识, 节水行为, 居民用水, 价格因素, 非价格因素