Abstract: A comprehensive evaluation of land use ecosystem service value is brought out. Based on the evaluation, the land classification of ecological function importance is explored. Firstly, the main land use types in Beijing are determined with 9 first types and 15 sub-types, then the basic ecosystem service value of each type is determined. Secondly, the factors including natural, location and humanistic conditions are chosen to evaluate the ecological environment and divide Beijing into 4 ecological zones. Thirdly, the land use ecosystem service value is corrected by the ecological environment indexes of each ecological zone and the land classification of ecological function importance is figured out with the clustering method by their ecosystem service value. In the end, the comprehensive evaluation method is applied to the current land utilization maps of Beijing in 1993, 2001 and 2007, and the distribution maps of ecosystem service value in per unit area and land classification of ecological function importance are obtained, so the changing situation of ecosystem service value and each type of land classification of ecological function importance in Beijing are analyzed according to the result. It shows that, the total ecosystem service value of Beijing decreases from 1993 to 2007 and that of ecological zone decreases except one zone. The grade of land classification of ecological function importance is decreasing from central city to suburb and the grade in northwest is higher than that of southeast. The area of the first class, the second class and the sixth class increases, while the area of the third class, the fourth class and the fifth class decreases from 1993 to 2007.

Key words: ecosystem service value, comprehensive evaluation, ecological function importance, Beijing

摘要： 提出北京市土地利用生态服务价值的综合评估方法, 并以此为基础, 探索土地生态功能重要性分类方法。首先, 在对北京市的土地利用现状类型进行分析的基础上, 将北京市的土地利用类型确定为9个大类, 15个亚类, 进而确定各土地利用类型的基准生态服务价值。然后, 选取自然、区位、人文3个方面的评价因子对北京市进行综合因素的生态环境评价并划分为4个生态分区, 从而获得不同生态分区土地利用类型的生态功能重要性程度, 用各生态分区修订后的生态环境评价综合指数对土地利用生态服务价值进行修正, 通过聚类的方法将北京市各土地利用类型按生态服务价值大小划分为6类。最后, 使用北京市1993, 2001和2007年的土地利用现状图, 对北京市土地利用类型的生态服务价值综合评估方法进行应用, 得到3期土地利用单位面积生态服务价值分布图和6类生态功能重要性土地类型的分布情况, 并分析了北京市生态服务价值和6类土地类型的变化情况。结果显示: 1) 北京市1993, 2001, 2007年生态服务总价值持续减少, 各生态分区除了一个区是先增加后减少之外, 其他区的生态服务价值都持续减少; 2) 土地利用生态功能重要性分类结果中, 从中心城区到远郊山区, 等级逐步降低, 西北区的等级高于东南区; 3) 从1993年到2007年, 一类、二类、六类类型的面积逐年增加, 而三类、四类、五类类型的面积逐年减少。

关键词: 生态系统服务价值, 综合评估, 生态功能重要性, 北京