Abstract: The authors investigated the temporal and spatial patterns of the virtual water content (/kg) and total virtual water requirements for rice, wheat, maize and soybeans in Liaoning Province, Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province in Northeastern China from 1988 to 2008. The results show that soybeans had the highest water demand per kilogram, followed by wheat, rice and maize. Spatial variations were evident. Per kilogram rice consumes more water in Heilongjiang, while wheat in Jilin, maize and soybeans in Liaoning. In Heilongjiang, rice, wheat and soybeans had the highest total virtual water needs, 8.60×10⁹, 3.98×10⁹ and 1.22×10¹⁰m³, respectively. Whereas the largest total virtual water for maize (1.08×10¹⁰m³) appeared in Jilin Province. During the studied period, water demands per kilogram of soybeans and wheat fluctuated, while for rice and maize the demands were stable. As to total virtual water demand, it increased for maize and rice, whereas decreased significantly for wheat. These findings provide insights on the water demand of the four crops, and thus are meaningful for decision-makers.

Key words: virtual water, selected agricultural products, Northeastern China, temporal variation

摘要： 计算了1988?2008 年东北地区 4 种主要粮食作物(水稻、小麦、玉米和大豆)的初级产品单位虚拟水含量和省虚拟水总量, 明晰了这 4 种粮食作物的农业用水量格局及时间变化。研究结果表明:大豆单位耗水量最高,小麦次之,玉米最小；空间上水稻的单位耗水量在黑龙江省最高,小麦在吉林省最高, 玉米和大豆在辽宁省最高；黑龙江省的水稻、小麦和大豆的虚拟水总量都明显高于吉林省和辽宁省,分别达到8.60×10⁹,3.98×10⁹和 1.22×10¹⁰m³, 而吉林省玉米虚拟水总量在 3 个省中最高,达1.08×10¹⁰m³。随时间的变化,东北地区大豆和小麦的单位虚拟水含量表现为下降或者波动,而水稻和玉米相对稳定；玉米和水稻的虚拟水总量呈上升趋势而小麦明显呈下降趋势。该研究提供了从虚拟资源视角认识水资源消耗的实证, 可以对东北地区粮食作物布局提供科学依据。

关键词: 虚拟水, 粮食作物, 东北三省, 时间变化